The Forty Years' War Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the goal of King Razadarit in the 40 Years War?

To rebuild the Bagan Empire.

Who ruled by King Razadarit when the was began?

Ava

King Saw Kwe of Ava wanted to expand southward.

True (A)

King Saw Kwe of Ava was not confident in a victory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did King Saw Kwe aim to make conquering Hanthawaddy easier?

<p>He sent his sons, one aged 16 and one aged 12 to lead his army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 40 Years war was full of decisive victories at the start.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened near the Ayeyarwaddy River?

<p>Both kingdoms battled using elephants, horses, and infantry in their armies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What city was the major target of the conflict?

<p>Pegu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kingdom was defeated in the 40 Years war?

<p>Ava</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened once the 40 Years war ended?

<p>Hanthawaddy then invaded Ava, but also struggled to make gains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 40 Years War was one of the shortest conflicts in Burmese history.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the ruler who followed King Saw Kwe?

<p>Minhkhaung</p> Signup and view all the answers

Minhkhaung was a skilled commander.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who succeeded Minhkhaung?

<p>Razadarit</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the death of Minhkhaung, the war became increasingly popular.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The war ended in the year 1424.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the war?

<p>Neither kingdom achieved its goal of uniting Myanmar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The war left both kingdom vulnerable to threats.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the war mark in Burmese history?

<p>It marked the beginning of Ava's decline as a strong kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 40 years war remembered as?

<p>One of Myanmar's longest conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Anyathians = First people in Myanmar Hunter - gatherers = nomadic Upper Myanmar = Ayeyarwaddy Mon = Stone tools Pyu = Tibetan Plateau Bagan = Buddhist but Theravada Inwa = City - state, not a united city Hanthawaddy = City planning was influential</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Forty Years' War

A conflict that lasted for 40 years between the kingdoms of Ava and Hanthawaddy in Burma.

King Razadarit

The king of Ava during The Forty Years' War. He aimed to rebuild the Bagan Empire.

King Swa Saw Ke

The leader of the Ava kingdom who wanted to expand southward during The Forty Years' War.

Anyathians

The early inhabitants of Myanmar who were nomadic hunter-gatherers.

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Mon

A group of people who were known for their skill in bronze-making and their influence from India.

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Bamar/Theravada

The dominant ethnic group in Myanmar, known for their contributions to the Bagan Empire.

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Mon Civilization

The first civilization in Lower Myanmar known for their bronze tools and influences from India.

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Pyu

A people group who migrated from the Tibetan Plateau and played a significant role in the development of Upper Myanmar.

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Bagan Empire

The most influential kingdom in Upper Myanmar, known for its grand temples and the Theravada Buddhist faith.

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Ava Kingdom

The kingdom known as the successor to the Bagan Empire, founded in 1364 by King Thado Minbya.

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King Thado Minbya

The founding king of the Ava kingdom, also known as the Innwa Kingdom.

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Ratanapura

The original name of the Ava kingdom, meaning "City of Gems."

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Ava's Location

The strategic location of Ava, built near the Irrawaddy River for defense and trade.

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Ava's Walls and Moats

A key feature of Ava’s defense system, designed for protection.

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Lion (Chinthe) Shaped Walls

The design of Ava's walls, inspired by a sacred animal, symbolizing protection and divinity.

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Ava's City Design Principles

The concept behind Ava's city design, reflecting traditional Burmese principles and Buddhist cosmology.

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King's Palace

The most important building in Ava, symbolizing the power of the king and the Buddhist universe.

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Mount Meru

The sacred mountain in Buddhist Cosmology.

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King's Palace as Mount Meru

The significance of the king's palace in Ava, representing his connection to divine Buddhist authority.

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Ava's Buddhist Influence

The central role of Theravada Buddhism in Ava's city planning and its influence on the king's power.

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Buddhist Scholars and Leaders in Ava

The prominent role of monks, scholars, and religious leaders in society.

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Royal Support for Buddhism

The practice of kings supporting religious institutions, temples, and monasteries in Ava.

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Buddhist Architecture in Ava

The design of religious architecture in Ava, reflecting its connection to divine power.

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Ava's Restoration Ambitions

The goal of the Ava kingdom, to restore the glory of the Bagan Empire in Upper Burma.

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Ava as a Symbol

The symbol Ava represented, signifying unity and prosperity for Upper Burma.

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Ava's Planning Focus

The focus of Ava's city planning, prioritizing defense, trade, and religion.

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Hanthawaddy Kingdom

The kingdom founded by the Mon people after the collapse of the Bagan kingdom.

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Pegu (Bago)

The capital of the Hanthawaddy kingdom, a major trade and cultural center.

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Hanthawaddy's Prosperity

The prosperity of the Hanthawaddy kingdom, which thrived on trade with other countries.

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Goods Traded by Hanthawaddy

The goods traded by the Hanthawaddy kingdom with India and China.

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Study Notes

The Forty Years' War

  • King Swa Saw Ke of Ava wanted to expand southward
  • He believed it would be an easy war, so he sent his sons, one aged 16 and one aged 12, to lead his armies
  • Ava launched attacks on Hanthawaddy's territory
  • Hanthawaddy defended itself and launched counterattacks
  • Both kingdoms raided each other's towns and cities
  • Many battles were fought along the Ayeyarwady River
  • Key battles used elephants, horses, and infantry in their armies
  • Ava suffered losses when attacking Hanthawaddy's strong fortresses
  • There was a truce 1391-1401
  • Hanthawaddy then invaded, but also struggled to gain ground in Ava's territory

Changes in Leadership and Further Developments

  • King Swa Saw Ke died in 1400
  • He was followed by his son Taraba for 7 months
  • Minkhaung was a skilled commander, but soon, Minkhaung
  • After the death of Minkhaung's son Minye Kyawswathe, the war became less popular
  • Both kingdoms kept their territories
  • A peace treaty was signed in 1424
  • Neither kingdom achieved its goal of uniting Myanmar
  • Ava and Hanthawaddy remained separate but weakened
  • The long war left both kingdoms open to future threats
  • It marked the beginning of Ava's decline as a strong kingdom
  • The Forty Years' War is remembered as one of Myanmar's longest conflicts

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Description

Explore the key events and developments of the Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy. This quiz covers military strategies, leaders, and the impact of leadership changes during the conflict. Test your knowledge of this significant historical period.

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