The First War of Independence Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What significant event was proclaimed in Venice on 22 March 1848?

Birth of the Italian Republic

Fall of Austrian rule

Establishment of the Repubblica di San Marco (correct)

Initiation of the First War of Independence

Who were the leaders of the rebellion in Venice?

Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II

Enrico Cernuschi and Carlo Cattaneo

Daniele Manin and Niccolò Tommaseo (correct)

Carlo Alberto and Radetzky

What was one of the initial actions taken by citizens in Milan to protest against the Austrian government?

Formation of barricades

A general strike

A smoking strike (correct)

An armed rebellion

What was the outcome of the revolt in Milan by 22 March 1848?

The Austrian troops were driven out Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did Marshal Radetzky choose during the revolt in Milan?

Retreating to a fortified position Signup and view all the answers

How long did the Repubblica di San Marco last?

17 months Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial reaction of the Austrian government to the protests in Milan?

Arresting protesters and preventing further demonstrations Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the beginning of the First War of Independence in Italy?

The Milan revolt Signup and view all the answers

What led the King of Sardinia to invade Lombardy-Venetia?

Pressure from advisers and fear of appearing weak Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant concern for King Charles Albert regarding the invasion?

Avoiding conflict with France and England Signup and view all the answers

What was a key event that took place on March 25th?

The Sardinian army crossed the Ticino Signup and view all the answers

Which battle signified a turning point for the Sardinian forces during the first war of independence?

Battle of Custoza Signup and view all the answers

What were the immediate effects of the Austrians retaking Milan?

Restoration of the previous government structure Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the positive outcomes of the first war of independence?

Popular uprisings in cities like Florence and Rome Signup and view all the answers

What did Marshal Radetzky demand from the Kingdom of Sardinia after the war?

To establish a more moderate government Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the battle of Novara?

Charles Albert abdicated in favor of his son Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The First War of Independence

The first Italian uprisings against Austrian rule occurred in 1848.
Venice, under Austrian rule since 1815, revolted in March 1848, establishing the Repubblica di San Marco, which lasted until August 1849.
Milan's revolt (often called the "Five Days of Milan"), was triggered by a citizen-organized smoking strike on March 17, 1848, in protest against Austrian taxation.
The Milanese revolt led to the expulsion of the Austrian garrison under Marshal Radetzky on March 22, 1848.
The King of Sardinia, Carlo Alberto, intervened in Lombardy-Venetia on March 25th, 1848, after pressure from his advisors.
Carlo Alberto's army garnered support from volunteers from Naples, Tuscany, and the Papal States, however was defeated by the Austrians in the Battle of Custoza (July 1848), leading to an armistice.
Hostilities resumed in March 1849, resulting in the decisive Austrian victory at the Battle of Novara, which led to Carlo Alberto’s abdication in favor of his son, Victor Emmanuel II.
Other Italian cities joined the uprisings against foreign powers: Florence in October 1848 and Rome in February 1849.
Austria regained control of northern Italy, solidifying the territorial status quo established by the Congress of Vienna.
After the war, Austria imposed new peace conditions on the Kingdom of Sardinia, including disarmament, a more moderate government, and the restoration of diplomatic relations.

Milanese Uprising

Marshal Radetzky was the Austrian commander in Milan.
The Five Days of Milan saw intense fighting between the citizens and the Austrian military.
The Milanese citizens erected barricades to defend their city from Austrian advance.
Despite having the option to use cannons, Radetzky chose to withdraw to the Quadrilatero, a system of fortifications that included Peschiera del Garda, Mantua, Verona, and Legnago.

The Risorgimento

The Risorgimento, a period of Italian unification, began in 1848 with the first war of independence.
The memory of Venice's independence was strong among its citizens, fuelling the drive for unification.
The Pope was a historical ally of Austria, a Catholic power, and didn’t support driving them out of northern Italy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the First War of Independence in Italy, focusing on the uprisings and key events of 1848-1849. This quiz covers the revolts in Venice and Milan, the role of Carlo Alberto, and the battles against Austrian rule. Challenge yourself to recall significant moments and figures from this pivotal time in Italian history.