The Fall of Rome and Rise of the Middle Ages

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.