The Fall of Rome and Rise of the Middle Ages

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.

Fall of the Roman Empire and Rise of New Powers (455-507)

• 455: The Roman Empire falls after being sacked by Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and later by Genseric, king of the Vandals.
• 481: Clovis, the first king of the Franks, unites the Frankish tribes and begins the Merovingian age, which lasts for 200 years.
• 496: Clovis converts to Christianity.
• 507: The Franks defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Voile.

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam (527-570)

• 535: Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor and publishes the Code of Justinian, a code of civil law still used today.
• 570: Muhammad is born in Mecca and will become the last of the saint prophets.

Christianity and the Viking Age (597-793)

• 597: Augustine, a Christian monk, becomes the first Archbishop of Canterbury and converts King Ethelberht of Kent to Christianity.
• 793: The Viking Age begins with the raid on the Church of Saint Cuthbert at Lindisfarne, marking the start of 200 years of terror.

Carolingian Empire and the Norman Conquest (800-1066)

• 800: Charlemagne is crowned Emperor of the Romans, marking the beginning of the Carolingian Empire.
• 886: Alfred the Great becomes the first king of a united England after driving the Danes from London.
• 961: Otto the Great becomes Holy Roman Emperor, unites the German tribes, and strengthens his authority.
• 1066: William the Conqueror defeats King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, ending Anglo-Saxon rule and starting the Norman lineage.

The Middle Ages (1021-1299)

• 1021: The Japanese epic "The Tale of Genji" is written, considered the world's first novel.
• 1088: The University of Bologna is founded, being the first university in the sense of a high-degree awarding institute.
• 1095: The First Crusade begins when Pope Urban asks for support to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims.
• 1119: The Knights Templar are formed to protect Christian pilgrims visiting the Holy Land.
• 1206: Genghis Khan is elected as the ruler of the Mongols, and their empire is established.
• 1215: The Magna Carta is signed, stating that King John of England is not above the law.
• 1271: Marco Polo sets off on his journey to Asia, exploring countries such as India, Persia, Japan, and China.

The Late Middle Ages (1273-1453)

• 1273: The House of Habsburg produces kings of Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Hungary, among others.
• 1296: Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First Scottish War of Independence.
• 1299: The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman the First, lasting for over 600 years.
• 1337: The Hundred Years War begins between England and France, lasting for 116 years.
• 1347: The Black Death arrives in Europe, wiping out an estimated 20-40% of the population in the first year.
• 1368: The Ming dynasty is established in China, lasting for around 280 years.
• 1380: Geoffrey Chaucer starts work on "The Canterbury Tales".
• 1415: The Battle of Agincourt takes place, resulting in a catastrophic defeat for the French army.
• 1428: The Aztec Empire begins its expansion, lasting for 90 years.
• 1431: Joan of Arc is executed by being burned at the stake.
• 1434: The Medici family rises as a political power, producing four Catholic popes and two queens.
• 1439: Johannes Gutenberg invents the movable type printing press.
• 1441: Slavery begins with Prince Henry of Portugal's involvement in the African slave trade.
• 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the medieval period.

Wars of the Roses and the Unification of Spain (1455-1492)

• 1455: The War of the Roses begins as two branches of the royal House of Plantagenet vie for control of the English throne.
• 1492: The Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, unify Spain and sponsor Christopher Columbus's expedition to search for a western route to China.

Explore the events that led to the decline of the Roman Empire and the emergence of the Middle Ages, including the sackings by Alaric and Genseric, and the rise of the Catholic Church as a unifying power in Europe.