The Evolution of Natural Selection and Intra-Species Variation
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Questions and Answers

Who first coined the term 'oekologie'?

  • Ernst Haeckel (correct)
  • Vladimir Vernadsky
  • Roy Clapham
  • Johannes Warming

Who correlated plant morphology with geography?

  • Arthur Tansley
  • Ernst Haeckel
  • Johannes Warming
  • Alexander von Humboldt (correct)

Who established plant ecology as a division of botany?

  • Arthur Tansley
  • Ernst Haeckel
  • Johannes Warming (correct)
  • Alexander von Humboldt

Who first proposed the term 'Biosphere'?

<p>Eduard Suess (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who interjected the concept of heredity into his observations about different forms arising in response to functional needs?

<p>Aristotle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which evolution occurs?

<p>Natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who believed that changes in structure caused by use were inherited?

<p>Jean Baptiste Lamarck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who independently theorized the process of evolution via natural selection?

<p>Alfred Russell Wallace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization in ecology focuses on the interactions between communities and the exchange of species and genetic material?

<p>Ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific vocabulary term refers to a proposition that suggests an explanation for an observable situation or phenomenon?

<p>Hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ecological approach involves studying dynamics and relationships, focusing on the immediate causes of ecological phenomena?

<p>Functional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization in ecology focuses on the physiological and behavioral responses of a single individual to its environment?

<p>Individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient scientist is widely considered to be the 'Father of Botany'?

<p>Theophrastus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the Greek word 'oikos', from which the term 'ecology' originates?

<p>Of the family or household (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is believed to have originated the term 'home economics'?

<p>Ellen Swallow Richards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ecology study in terms of resource allocation?

<p>Cost versus benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of transplant gardens to study plant responses from different topographic regions?

<p>Johannes E. Warming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who explored Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Peru, and the Amazon and Orinoco rivers?

<p>Anton Kerner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who described vegetation in terms of physiognomy and coined the phrase 'association' as it applies to biological applications?

<p>Joachim Frederik Schouw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who showed that plants modify the environment by creating microhabitats and introduced the concepts of shade tolerance, competition, and succession?

<p>Jozef Paczoski (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

<p>To provide a general statement or default position that there is no association among groups or variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does a 95% confidence interval define?

<p>A range of values that you can be 95% certain contains the population mean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the purpose of replication in experimental design?

<p>To run exact copies of the experiment concurrently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the characteristics of animals?

<p>Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Cells with plasma membranes and mitochondria, Embryonic development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes Charles Darwin's career path before formulating his theory of evolution by natural selection?

<p>Darwin studied to be a clergyman at Cambridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin observe during his visit to the Galapagos Islands?

<p>Variation among different species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin hypothesize about the species on the Galapagos Islands?

<p>They changed from their original forms to adapt to local conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major gap in Darwin's logic was bridged after his return to England?

<p>Thomas Malthus' model of population survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin call the principle of preservation through natural selection?

<p>Natural Selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

<p>Organic beings vary in their organization and undergo a struggle for life, leading to the preservation of variations beneficial for survival and reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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