Questions and Answers
Which ancient Greek philosopher is widely considered to be the 'Father of Botany'?
Theophrastus
What is the meaning of the Greek word 'oikos'?
Home economics
Which of the following is NOT a component of ecology as a discipline?
Chemistry
Which level of organization in ecology focuses on the interactions between multiple species in a specific area?
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Which scientific vocabulary term refers to a proposition that suggests an explanation for an observable situation or phenomenon?
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Which ecological approach focuses on the historical bases for observations?
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Which scientific vocabulary term refers to a set of hypotheses that when taken together explain a series of empirical observations?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Evolution'?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three criteria for natural selection?
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Who believed that changes in structure caused by use were inherited?
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Which ancient thinker interjected the concept of heredity into his observations?
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Who first coined the term 'oekologie' to describe the study of the interrelationships between organisms and their environment?
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What did Ernst Haeckel suggest were the three kingdoms in his study of animals and their environment?
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Who correlated plant morphology with geography and described vegetative zones by latitude and altitude?
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Who first coined the term 'ecosystem' to describe the combined physical and biological components of the environment?
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Which of the following best describes Charles Darwin's career path after graduating from Cambridge?
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What did Charles Darwin observe during his visit to the Galapagos Islands?
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What did Charles Darwin procrastinate on before formulating his theory of evolution by natural selection?
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What did Thomas Malthus' model of population survival lead Charles Darwin to hypothesize?
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According to the text, what is the purpose of the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing?
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What does a 95% confidence interval tell us?
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What is the purpose of replication in experimental design?
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What is the main characteristic of multicellular autotrophic plants?
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Who is credited with introducing the concept of succession in plant ecology?
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Who is responsible for coining the phrase 'association' in relation to plant biology?
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Who introduced the concepts of shade tolerance, competition, and succession in plant biology?
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Who wrote the influential book 'The Lake as a Microcosm' and studied food chains in lakes?
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Which Greek word is the root of the term 'ecology'?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Botany'?
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What is the study of 'the economy of nature' called?
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According to the text, which level of organization in ecology focuses on understanding the factors influencing nutrient cycling and energy flow?
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What is the purpose of the scientific method?
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Which scientific vocabulary term refers to a verbal or mathematical statement of an hypothesis?
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What is the main focus of descriptive ecological studies?
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Who first coined the term 'ecosystem' to describe the combined physical and biological components of the environment?
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What did Ernst Haeckel suggest were the three kingdoms in his study of animals and their environment?
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Who correlated plant morphology with geography and described vegetative zones by latitude and altitude?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Evolution'?
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What are the three criteria for natural selection?
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Which ancient thinker interjected the concept of heredity into his observations?
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What did Jean Baptiste Lamarck believe about the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the steps of the scientific method?
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What is the purpose of the 95% confidence interval in hypothesis testing?
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What is the main characteristic of multicellular autotrophic plants?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the types of experiments mentioned in the text?
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Which of the following best describes Charles Darwin's career path after graduating from Cambridge?
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What did Charles Darwin notice during his visit to the Galapagos Islands?
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What did Thomas Malthus' model of population survival lead Charles Darwin to hypothesize?
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What did Charles Darwin hypothesize about the species on the Galapagos Islands?
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Who is credited with introducing the concept of plant associations in ecology?
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Who is considered the 'Father of Plant Sociology'?
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Who wrote the influential book 'Plantesamfund' and synthesized plant morphology, physiology, taxonomy, and biogeography?
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Who is responsible for coining the phrase 'association' in relation to plant biology?
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Study Notes
A History of Ecology
- Theophrastus, a student of Aristotle, wrote about the interrelationships between plants and the environment, making him the "Father of Botany".
- The term "ecology" comes from the Greek word "oikos", meaning "of the family or household", and can be thought of as the study of the economy of nature.
- Ellen Swallow Richards coined the term "oekology" which later became home economics.
- Ecology encompasses various biological disciplines including behavior, physiology, and molecular biology.
- Alexander von Humboldt correlated plant morphology with geography and described vegetative zones by latitude and altitude.
- Johannes Warming established plant ecology as a division of botany and studied the interactions of plants with their environments.
- The term "ecosystem" was coined by Roy Clapham and defined as the combined physical and biological components of the environment.
- The term "biosphere" was proposed by Eduard Suess and refers to the conditions promoting life on Earth.
- The field of ecology started with European plant geographers who noticed similarities and differences in plant characteristics from different parts of the world and habitats.
- Influential figures in the development of ecology include Karl Willdenow, Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt, and Anton Kerner.
- Arthur Tansley and George Evelyn Hutchinson had a significant impact on the development of modern ecology.
- Eugene Odum expanded upon Tansley's ecosystem concept and introduced the ideas of nutrient cycling, trophic levels, and energy flow in food webs.
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