The Evolution of Earth: Early Theories
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of the continental crust?

  • Granite (correct)
  • Obsidian
  • Basalt
  • Pumice
  • Which layer of the Earth is known for its relatively low resistance to plastic flow?

  • Outer Core
  • Mesosphere
  • Lithosphere
  • Asthenosphere (correct)
  • Which part of the core is solid and made predominantly of iron according to NASA?

  • Inner Core (correct)
  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Outer Core
  • What is the main composition of the mantle?

    <p>Silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific theory explains the large-scale motion of tectonic plates?

    <p>Plate Tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the strong magnetic field associated with the outer core?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?

    <p>From magma that cools or hardens within the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

    <p>Texture type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks are also known as volcanic rocks?

    <p>Extrusive igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Latin word does 'igneous' originate from?

    <p>Ignis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rock forms from rapidly cooling magma near the surface?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forces are associated with the formation of extrusive igneous rocks?

    <p>Mountain-building forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to uniformitarianism, how is the Earth continuously modified?

    <p>By geological processes operating at different rates throughout time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the theory of catastrophism?

    <p>Baron Georges Cuvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind uniformitarianism?

    <p>Studying present processes to understand Earth's past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How thick is the Earth's crust approximately under the continents?

    <p>25 to 30 kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock does oceanic crust primarily consist of?

    <p>Basalt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as 'The Father of Modern Geology'?

    <p>James Hutton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary building material apart from wood discussed in the text?

    <p>Stones and rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is site selection crucial for civil engineering projects according to the text?

    <p>For the stability of foundations and understanding rock properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do geologists refer to when they mention 'soil'?

    <p>Superficial deposits formed by rock disintegration due to weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the CLORPT equation in 1941 related to soil formation?

    <p>Hans Jenny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered part of the soil environment according to the text?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do careful studies of a construction site help to achieve according to the text?

    <p>Ensure safety and reduce costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is commonly used to test the hardness of rocks?

    <p>Scraping the surface with a sharp knife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is porosity an important factor to consider in building rocks?

    <p>Porous rocks are not suitable for construction, especially for exposed surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific range of specific gravity is ideal for good building rocks?

    <p>2.4 - 2.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is toughness an essential characteristic of building rocks?

    <p>To resist abrasive forces due to wear and friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is appearance considered a primary factor when selecting building rocks for face work?

    <p>To ensure the color and ability to receive polish meet requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are rock foundations preferred over soil foundations in construction?

    <p>Rocks offer better stability and durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

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