30 Questions
What is the primary component of the continental crust?
Granite
Which layer of the Earth is known for its relatively low resistance to plastic flow?
Asthenosphere
Which part of the core is solid and made predominantly of iron according to NASA?
Inner Core
What is the main composition of the mantle?
Silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron
Which scientific theory explains the large-scale motion of tectonic plates?
Plate Tectonics
What is the primary reason for the strong magnetic field associated with the outer core?
Convection
How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?
From magma that cools or hardens within the earth
What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
Texture type
What type of rocks are also known as volcanic rocks?
Extrusive igneous rocks
What Latin word does 'igneous' originate from?
Ignis
Which type of igneous rock forms from rapidly cooling magma near the surface?
Basalt
What forces are associated with the formation of extrusive igneous rocks?
Mountain-building forces
According to uniformitarianism, how is the Earth continuously modified?
By geological processes operating at different rates throughout time
Who proposed the theory of catastrophism?
Baron Georges Cuvier
What is the key idea behind uniformitarianism?
Studying present processes to understand Earth's past
How thick is the Earth's crust approximately under the continents?
25 to 30 kilometers
What type of rock does oceanic crust primarily consist of?
Basalt
Who is known as 'The Father of Modern Geology'?
James Hutton
What is the primary building material apart from wood discussed in the text?
Stones and rocks
Why is site selection crucial for civil engineering projects according to the text?
For the stability of foundations and understanding rock properties
What do geologists refer to when they mention 'soil'?
Superficial deposits formed by rock disintegration due to weathering
Who introduced the CLORPT equation in 1941 related to soil formation?
Hans Jenny
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the soil environment according to the text?
Plants
What do careful studies of a construction site help to achieve according to the text?
Ensure safety and reduce costs
What method is commonly used to test the hardness of rocks?
Scraping the surface with a sharp knife
Why is porosity an important factor to consider in building rocks?
Porous rocks are not suitable for construction, especially for exposed surfaces
What specific range of specific gravity is ideal for good building rocks?
2.4 - 2.8
Why is toughness an essential characteristic of building rocks?
To resist abrasive forces due to wear and friction
Why is appearance considered a primary factor when selecting building rocks for face work?
To ensure the color and ability to receive polish meet requirements
Why are rock foundations preferred over soil foundations in construction?
Rocks offer better stability and durability
Explore the early theories on the evolution of Earth including Catastrophism proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier and Uniformitarianism by James Hutton. Learn how these concepts shaped our understanding of Earth's history.
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