The European Enlightenment (1750-1900) Quiz

What major Enlightenment concept was proposed by John Locke?

Which thinker is associated with the argument for separating state powers into different branches?

What does the concept of 'consent of the governed' imply?

Which Enlightenment thinker criticized state religion and advocated for its private practice?

Rousseau’s controversial stance advocated for what in relation to individual rights?

What influence did the Scientific Revolution have on Enlightenment thinkers?

Which revolutionary movement was influenced by Enlightenment ideas?

What role did philosophes play in the Enlightenment?

Which of the following concepts was advocated by Enlightenment thinkers related to government structure?

Why did Enlightenment ideals spread rapidly through Europe and the Americas?

The European Enlightenment (1750-1900)

Enlightenment thinkers challenged traditional religious and political authority, particularly the Divine Right of Kings and the hereditary class system.
The Scientific Revolution emphasized reason and rationality, influencing Enlightenment thought.
John Locke championed natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea of the consent of the governed.
- The state's role is to protect these rights or face reform.
- Constitutionalism advocates limiting state power through agreements by citizens.
Baron de Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers doctrine.
- It divides governmental powers into independent legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny.
Enlightenment philosophes (e.g., Voltaire, Rousseau) questioned state control over religion.
- Voltaire argued against state religion as a source of intolerance.
- Rousseau believed in a "general will" of the people as ultimate authority; his views diverged from individual rights-based approaches.
Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe and the Americas inspiring revolutionary movements.
- American Revolution (1776-1783) led to a constitutional republic with protections for individual rights.
- French Revolution (1789-1799) overthrew monarchy and aristocracy, giving power to the people.
- Latin American Revolutions (19th century) resulted in independence and nation-building.

Test your knowledge on the key figures and ideas of the European Enlightenment. Explore the contributions of thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu, and understand how their philosophies challenged traditional authority and shaped modern governance. This quiz delves into concepts such as natural rights, separation of powers, and the role of reason.