Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary format of the debates in Block 2?
What is the primary format of the debates in Block 2?
- Sequential open forums
- Group presentations without debate
- Pro/contra debates (correct)
- Informal discussions
What role do non-participating students have during the debates?
What role do non-participating students have during the debates?
- They lead the discussions.
- They act as judges/commentators. (correct)
- They prepare the debate questions.
- They participate in a separate debate.
What debate question is scheduled for 2 December?
What debate question is scheduled for 2 December?
- The EU needs a proper joint migration policy to preserve its own freedoms.
- Is the EU democratic?
- The EU’s rule of law crisis threatens the very existence of European integration. (correct)
- Has EU enlargement gone too far?
What is the weight of the mid-term exam in the overall course assessment?
What is the weight of the mid-term exam in the overall course assessment?
When does the class sign-up for debates take place?
When does the class sign-up for debates take place?
Which of the following elements is commonly associated with the EU resembling a state?
Which of the following elements is commonly associated with the EU resembling a state?
What is a notable feature of EU citizenship?
What is a notable feature of EU citizenship?
Which of these statements best describes the EU's legislative structure?
Which of these statements best describes the EU's legislative structure?
How does the EU function as an integrated market?
How does the EU function as an integrated market?
Which statement describes the EU's judiciary?
Which statement describes the EU's judiciary?
What is the primary focus of the position paper assignment?
What is the primary focus of the position paper assignment?
What percentage of the overall grade is assigned to active class participation?
What percentage of the overall grade is assigned to active class participation?
What is a characteristic challenge faced by the EU as a political system?
What is a characteristic challenge faced by the EU as a political system?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the position paper?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the position paper?
What does the term 'multi-tiered system' refer to in the context of the EU?
What does the term 'multi-tiered system' refer to in the context of the EU?
Which of the following symbolizes the EU's attempt at unity?
Which of the following symbolizes the EU's attempt at unity?
Which definition characterizes the EU as a political entity?
Which definition characterizes the EU as a political entity?
What is necessary for the debates to be effectively judged?
What is necessary for the debates to be effectively judged?
What does differentiated integration in the context of the EU imply?
What does differentiated integration in the context of the EU imply?
Which treaty established the framework for the European Union?
Which treaty established the framework for the European Union?
Which event marked a significant expansion of the EU in 2004?
Which event marked a significant expansion of the EU in 2004?
What was one of the major crises during the Eurosclerosis period in the 1960s to early 1980s?
What was one of the major crises during the Eurosclerosis period in the 1960s to early 1980s?
Which countries joined the EU during the enlargement in 1995?
Which countries joined the EU during the enlargement in 1995?
What was the outcome of the 2005 referendum on the Constitutional Treaty?
What was the outcome of the 2005 referendum on the Constitutional Treaty?
What economic policy was born in 1962 within the framework of the EEC?
What economic policy was born in 1962 within the framework of the EEC?
What significant event occurred on 31 January 2020 concerning the UK and the EU?
What significant event occurred on 31 January 2020 concerning the UK and the EU?
What is the approximate size of the federal/supranational budget as a percentage of GDP?
What is the approximate size of the federal/supranational budget as a percentage of GDP?
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the European Union?
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the European Union?
What significant change occurred with the Maastricht Treaty in 1993?
What significant change occurred with the Maastricht Treaty in 1993?
What is a characteristic of supranationalism in European integration?
What is a characteristic of supranationalism in European integration?
Which term describes the broadening of the geographic scope of European integration?
Which term describes the broadening of the geographic scope of European integration?
Which of the following best defines intergovernmentalism?
Which of the following best defines intergovernmentalism?
What does 'deepening' in the context of EU integration imply?
What does 'deepening' in the context of EU integration imply?
Why does the EU sometimes get described as 'sui generis'?
Why does the EU sometimes get described as 'sui generis'?
Which of the following statements best describes a key challenge faced by the EU?
Which of the following statements best describes a key challenge faced by the EU?
What does the description 'bicephal' imply about the nature of the EU?
What does the description 'bicephal' imply about the nature of the EU?
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Study Notes
The EU as a Political System
- The EU is not an international organization but shares certain features.
- The EU is not a state but looks increasingly like one.
- The EU is not a federation but shares some characteristics.
- The EU is a single market, a polity, constantly evolving, and unique.
- The EU is a system of cooperation with member states transferring powers to supranational authorities and institutions.
European Integration
- Integration involves the transfer of national competencies to a supranational entity for cooperative governance.
- It involves the acceptance of a legal order underpinning this cooperation.
Types of Integration
- Supranational Integration: Governments transfer powers to a higher authority, with potential decision-making by majority.
- Intergovernmental Integration: Governments cooperate voluntarily as representatives of their nations, typically with decision-making by unanimity or consensus.
Scope of Integration
- Deepening: Expanding areas of EU activity (policies), involving further power transfers.
- Widening (Enlargement): Broadening the geographic scope of the EU, typically by sovereign states joining the EU.
Key Terms
- European Union: A catch-all term for today's European Union and its predecessors, including the ECSC, EEC, and others. Technically in existence since 1993.
- Differentiated Integration: A "Europe of multiple speeds," where not all member states participate in all EU policies, allowing for different levels of involvement.
History of European Integration
The Supranational 'Monnet' Method (1950s-1960s)
- 1951: Founding of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) with France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg as members.
- 1957: Creation of the European Economic Community (EEC)/Euratom.
- 1962: Establishment of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
'Eurosclerosis' & Intergovernmentalism (1960s-Early 1980s)
- Series of crises, including De Gaulle's empty chair policy, the Luxembourg compromise, and oil crises/recessions.
- Despite crises, the community continued to grow:
- 1973: UK, Ireland, Denmark joined.
- 1981: Greece joined.
- 1986: Spain and Portugal joined.
Supranational Renewal (Late 1980s-Early 2000s)
- 1987: The Single European Act.
- 1993: The Single Market established.
- 1992: The Maastricht Treaty, formally establishing the European Union.
- 1995: Austria, Sweden, Finland joined.
- 1999/2002: Euro (€) launched.
- 2002: Nice Treaty.
- 2004/2007: Enlargements with 10 countries (25 total) and 2 more countries (27 total) joining the EU.
No Coherence (2000s-Present)
- 2005: Rejection of the Constitutional Treaty.
- 2009: Lisbon Treaty, replacing the Constitutional Treaty.
- 2009-: Eurozone debt crisis.
- 2013: Croatia joined the EU.
- 2016: Brexit referendum, leading to the UK's departure on 31 January 2020.
The EU in Question
- The EU's evolution is an ongoing process with questions about its future and direction.
- The EU's ability to manage its challenges and maintain its relevance will continue to be a topic of discussion.
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