The Enlightenment Pre-Test Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What sparked the English Civil War in the 1600s?

The English monarch clashed with Parliament leaders.

One of Baron de Montesquieu's key ideas was

creating checks and balances.

Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?

authority, rights, responsibility.

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of John Locke?

<p>People are naturally reasonable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement happened last in Europe?

<p>the Enlightenment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?

<p>People are naturally selfish and violent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

<p>Governments create unequal societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which list states events of the Enlightenment in the correct order?

<p>The English Civil War comes to an end, Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes, Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws, Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Enlightenment occurred during

<p>1600's to 1700's.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Enlightenment thinkers questioned traditional ideas about

<p>government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The major focus of the Enlightenment were these three things

<p>authority, rights, and responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement that happened last in Europe was

<p>The Enlightenment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

This sparked the English Civil War in the 1600's

<p>The English monarch clashed with the Parliament leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the English Civil War affect the Enlightenment?

<p>It caused people to question the role of government, which sparked the imagination of Enlightenment thinkers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

English thinkers rejected the concept of

<p>absolutism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Hobbes

<p>wrote The Leviathan in 1651.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement that best characterizes the ideas of T. Hobbes

<p>People are naturally selfish and violent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In John Locke's Second Treatise of Government, the quote supports Locke's idea that

<p>there is a social contract between people and government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

John Locke's ideas are best characterized by

<p>People are naturally reasonable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A difference between Hobbes and Locke was that

<p>Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed that people have the right to rebel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement that best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is

<p>Governments create unequal societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The events of the Enlightenment

<ol> <li>English Civil War comes to an end, 2. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes, 3. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws, 4. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Baron De Montesquieu was an Enlightenment philosopher from what country?

<p>France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of Baron de Montesquieu's key ideas was

<p>creating checks and balances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An effect of the Enlightenment in the 1700's was

<p>a rise in support for representative government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In France, philosophes discussed Enlightenment ideas in

<p>salons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The political effects of the Enlightenment was that

<p>some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into

<p>the founding documents for the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

1600's and 1700's

<p>When did the Enlightenment movement occur?</p> Signup and view all the answers

They questioned ideas about government.

<p>What did Enlightenment thinkers question?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authority, rights, and responsibility.

<p>What three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Enlightenment

<p>What movement was last to occur in Europe?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The English monarch clashed with Parliament leaders.

<p>What sparked the English Civil War in the 1600's?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The English Civil War caused many people to question the role of government, which sparked the imagination of Enlightenment thinkers.

<p>How did the English Civil War affect the Enlightenment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.

<p>What is absolutism?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absolutism

<p>Enlightenment thinkers rejected what concept?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Leviathan

<p>What did Thomas Hobbes write in 1651?</p> Signup and view all the answers

People are naturally selfish and violent.

<p>How did Thomas Hobbes characterize people?</p> Signup and view all the answers

He believed that people had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. He favored the idea of self-government.

<p>What did John Locke believe?</p> Signup and view all the answers

People are naturally reasonable.

<p>How did John Locke characterize people?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.

<p>What was one difference between the ideas of Hobbes and Locke?</p> Signup and view all the answers

A French political philosopher whose major work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory.

<p>Who was Montesquieu?</p> Signup and view all the answers

He wanted to create checks and balances.

<p>One of Montesquieu's key ideas was the creation of what?</p> Signup and view all the answers

They are ways to make sure no one has too much power.

<p>What are checks and balances?</p> Signup and view all the answers

He was an Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Social Contract which said that government is a contract between rulers and the people.

<p>Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Governments create unequal societies.

<p>What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau think about governments?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The English Civil War comes to an end. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.

<p>List the four major events of the Enlightenment movement in order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salons

<p>In France, where did philosophes discuss Enlightenment ideas?</p> Signup and view all the answers

There was a rise in support for representative government.

<p>In the 1700's, what was an effect of the Enlightenment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.

<p>What was a political effect of the Enlightenment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

The founding documents for the United States.

<p>Where were many of the ideas of Enlightenment later incorporated?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Enlightenment

  • The Enlightenment spanned the 1600s to 1700s, influencing modern thought and political theory.
  • It mainly focused on three core topics: authority, rights, and responsibility.
  • The movement emerged as thinkers began to question traditional ideas about government and authority.

Key Figures and Ideas

  • Thomas Hobbes:

    • Authored The Leviathan in 1651.
    • Characterized people as inherently selfish and violent, advocating for strong authoritarian rule.

  • John Locke:

    • Argued that people are naturally reasonable and capable of self-governance.
    • Introduced the concept of a social contract that preserves and enlarges freedom.
    • Believed that individuals have the right to rebel against unjust governments.

  • Baron de Montesquieu:

    • Proposed the idea of checks and balances to prevent any one branch of government from gaining too much power.
    • Wrote The Spirit of Laws, contributing significantly to political theory.

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau:

    • Criticized governments for creating unequal societies.
    • Authored The Social Contract, expressing that government derives its authority from the governed.

Events Leading to the Enlightenment

  • The English Civil War sparked debates about governance, leading thinkers to challenge existing political structures and ideologies.
  • The sequence of pivotal events includes the conclusion of the English Civil War, the development of Locke's ideas, Montesquieu’s publication, and Rousseau's writings.

Political Implications

  • The Enlightenment encouraged the rejection of absolutism, promoting the rise of representative government and more democratic political structures.
  • Some monarchs began to incorporate Enlightenment concepts, altering their governance approaches.

Social and Cultural Aspects

  • In France, salons became popular venues for philosophes to discuss and spread Enlightenment ideas, fostering intellectual exchange.
  • Many Enlightenment principles were later reflected in the founding documents of the United States, indicating their lasting impact on modern governance.

Summary of Key Concepts

  • Authority: Examined the nature of political power and its rightful exercise.
  • Rights: Emphasized individual freedoms and human rights as central to political theory.
  • Responsibility: Highlighted the obligation of governments to serve the welfare of the people and uphold social contracts.

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Test your understanding of key concepts from the Enlightenment period with these flashcards. Explore pivotal ideas that shaped modern thought, including political philosophies, civil rights, and the impact of the English Civil War. Perfect for students diving into this influential era in history.

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