Questions and Answers
What sparked the English Civil War in the 1600s?
The English monarch clashed with Parliament leaders.
One of Baron de Montesquieu's key ideas was
creating checks and balances.
Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?
authority, rights, responsibility.
Which statement best characterizes the ideas of John Locke?
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Which movement happened last in Europe?
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Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?
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Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
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Which list states events of the Enlightenment in the correct order?
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The Enlightenment occurred during
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The Enlightenment thinkers questioned traditional ideas about
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The major focus of the Enlightenment were these three things
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The movement that happened last in Europe was
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This sparked the English Civil War in the 1600's
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How did the English Civil War affect the Enlightenment?
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English thinkers rejected the concept of
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Thomas Hobbes
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The statement that best characterizes the ideas of T. Hobbes
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In John Locke's Second Treatise of Government, the quote supports Locke's idea that
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John Locke's ideas are best characterized by
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A difference between Hobbes and Locke was that
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The statement that best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau is
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The events of the Enlightenment
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Baron De Montesquieu was an Enlightenment philosopher from what country?
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One of Baron de Montesquieu's key ideas was
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An effect of the Enlightenment in the 1700's was
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In France, philosophes discussed Enlightenment ideas in
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The political effects of the Enlightenment was that
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Many Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into
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1600's and 1700's
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They questioned ideas about government.
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Authority, rights, and responsibility.
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The Enlightenment
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The English monarch clashed with Parliament leaders.
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The English Civil War caused many people to question the role of government, which sparked the imagination of Enlightenment thinkers.
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A system of government in which a ruler holds total power.
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Absolutism
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The Leviathan
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People are naturally selfish and violent.
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He believed that people had the natural ability to govern their own affairs and to look after the welfare of society. He favored the idea of self-government.
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People are naturally reasonable.
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Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
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A French political philosopher whose major work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory.
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He wanted to create checks and balances.
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They are ways to make sure no one has too much power.
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He was an Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Social Contract which said that government is a contract between rulers and the people.
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Governments create unequal societies.
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The English Civil War comes to an end. Locke builds on the ideas of Hobbes. Montesquieu publishes Spirit of Laws. Rousseau publishes The Social Contract.
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Salons
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There was a rise in support for representative government.
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Some monarchs embraced new ideas from the movement.
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The founding documents for the United States.
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Study Notes
Overview of the Enlightenment
- The Enlightenment spanned the 1600s to 1700s, influencing modern thought and political theory.
- It mainly focused on three core topics: authority, rights, and responsibility.
- The movement emerged as thinkers began to question traditional ideas about government and authority.
Key Figures and Ideas
-
Thomas Hobbes:
- Authored The Leviathan in 1651.
- Characterized people as inherently selfish and violent, advocating for strong authoritarian rule.
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John Locke:
- Argued that people are naturally reasonable and capable of self-governance.
- Introduced the concept of a social contract that preserves and enlarges freedom.
- Believed that individuals have the right to rebel against unjust governments.
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Baron de Montesquieu:
- Proposed the idea of checks and balances to prevent any one branch of government from gaining too much power.
- Wrote The Spirit of Laws, contributing significantly to political theory.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau:
- Criticized governments for creating unequal societies.
- Authored The Social Contract, expressing that government derives its authority from the governed.
Events Leading to the Enlightenment
- The English Civil War sparked debates about governance, leading thinkers to challenge existing political structures and ideologies.
- The sequence of pivotal events includes the conclusion of the English Civil War, the development of Locke's ideas, Montesquieu’s publication, and Rousseau's writings.
Political Implications
- The Enlightenment encouraged the rejection of absolutism, promoting the rise of representative government and more democratic political structures.
- Some monarchs began to incorporate Enlightenment concepts, altering their governance approaches.
Social and Cultural Aspects
- In France, salons became popular venues for philosophes to discuss and spread Enlightenment ideas, fostering intellectual exchange.
- Many Enlightenment principles were later reflected in the founding documents of the United States, indicating their lasting impact on modern governance.
Summary of Key Concepts
- Authority: Examined the nature of political power and its rightful exercise.
- Rights: Emphasized individual freedoms and human rights as central to political theory.
- Responsibility: Highlighted the obligation of governments to serve the welfare of the people and uphold social contracts.
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Test your understanding of key concepts from the Enlightenment period with these flashcards. Explore pivotal ideas that shaped modern thought, including political philosophies, civil rights, and the impact of the English Civil War. Perfect for students diving into this influential era in history.