The Enlightenment and the Philosophes
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Questions and Answers

Which European practice greatly exacerbated slavery in Africa?

  • Colonization
  • Trading for gold
  • Encouraging civil wars (correct)
  • Religious conversion

    • Who were the slaves typically traded for by European slavers?

  • Raw materials
  • Gold and other goods (correct)
  • Horses, spices, and perfumes
  • Cheap manufactured goods

    • What was the main reason for Europeans needing to import labor from Africa?

  • Availability of cheap labor in Africa
  • Demographic catastrophe in Native American populations (correct)
  • Desire for cultural diversity
  • Lack of available labor in Europe

    • What was the European justification for their slave trade?

    <p>Bringing Christianity to the slaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of slavery on Africa?

    <p>Depopulation and underdevelopment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a major route of the slave trade in the 1400s?

    <p>Trans-Saharan Route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where were slaves taken to after being captured by African slave traders?

    <p>The Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mortality rate during the Middle Passage journey from Africa to America?

    <p>Between 10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which colonies was slave labor the foundation of the social and economic system?

    <p>British mainland colonies and Caribbean islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the difficulty in terminating the slave trade?

    <p>Religious justifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Enlightenment, thinkers in France who promoted freedom of thought and debated over obedience to tradition and belief were called

    <p>Philosophes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Enlightenment?

    <p>Emphasized obedience to tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Enlightenment promoted which of the following ideas about religion?

    <p>The belief in a divine moral power in the universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the criticisms of the Enlightenment?

    <p>It was too optimistic about the applicability of strict rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main belief of Deists during the Enlightenment?

    <p>God created the universe and then let it run</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Enlightenment, government advisors believed that a literate population was an advantage because

    <p>it would lead to a more educated society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salons during the Enlightenment were

    <p>gatherings where individuals discussed literature and shared their views on various topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Encyclopedia/Encyclopedie was a controversial text because

    <p>it scorned religion through scientific knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freemasons during the Enlightenment were known for

    <p>promoting open markets, freedom of speech, thought, and belief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ideas of the Enlightenment had trouble spreading in Italy, Portugal, and Spain due to

    <p>religious censorship and the Roman Inquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group saw the Enlightenment as an attack on them?

    <p>Christians and the Catholic Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who renewed interest in the moral, religious, and artistic systems of antiquity?

    <p>18th-century thinkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the French government after the enlightened thinkers criticized it?

    <p>The government embraced Enlightenment ideals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the writer play in French culture during the Enlightenment?

    <p>They were the guiding lights of the culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marked the climax of the increasingly emancipated condition and subversive potential of authors during the Enlightenment?

    <p>The French Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some groups or institutions that saw the Enlightenment as an attack on them and their beliefs? Provide at least two examples.

    <p>The nobility and the Catholic Church were among the groups and institutions that saw the Enlightenment as an attack on them and their beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Enlightenment on French society? Provide at least two examples.

    <p>The Enlightenment in France led to a counter-cultural revolution, unleashing Enlightenment ideals and values that challenged the oppressive rule of the monarchy. It also resulted in cultural vitality moving to Paris and the emergence of independent moral authorities such as writers, scientists, and philosophers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the writer play in French culture during the Enlightenment?

    <p>During the Enlightenment, the writer became an independent moral authority and a guiding light of a culture that was eager for change and increasingly beyond the control of royal censorship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Enlightenment impact the concept of authority in France? Provide at least one example.

    <p>The Enlightenment in France challenged the authority of the monarchy, particularly under Louis XIV, XV, and XVI. It promoted ideas of individual spirit and freedom, and the increasingly emancipated condition of authors reached its climax during the French Revolution, where the printed word played a significant role in bringing down the Ancien Régime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some of the key features of French society during the Enlightenment? Provide at least two examples.

    <p>During the Enlightenment in France, cultural vitality moved to Paris, the press played a central role in disseminating ideas, and salons energized literary, artistic, and artisan circles. Additionally, the French government faced criticism and resistance from enlightened thinkers who sought change and improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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