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The Endocrine System Quiz
38 Questions
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The Endocrine System Quiz

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@BrainyStanza

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Questions and Answers

Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, regulates urine volume and blood volume?

  • Oxytocin
  • Antidiuretic hormone (correct)
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone

    • Which gland produces androgens?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Islets of Langerhans
  • Testes (correct)
  • Ovaries

    • What is the other hormone that helps regulate reproductive cells, besides luteinizing hormone?

  • Androgens
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (correct)
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine

    • Which glands regulate calcium levels in the blood?

    <p>Parathyroid and thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

    <p>Cellular mutations occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone?

    <p>Sterility in both males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of drinking a liter of water quickly on hormone secretion?

    <p>Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hormone secretion regulated?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?

    <p>Anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone?

    <p>Posterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Low blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormone pairs produces antagonistic results?

    <p>Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of endocrine hormones?

    <p>They target a small number of precise responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of cortisol?

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of calcitonin?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there are high levels of calcium in the blood?

    <p>Calcitonin is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Storage and release of ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response to low levels of calcium in the blood?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of steroids that allows them to enter the nucleus of target cells?

    <p>Being lipid soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone in the body?

    <p>The ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the pituitary gland failing to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimulus is used to prod most endocrine organs into action?

    <p>Hormonal stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tropic hormones?

    <p>Stimulating other endocrine glands to secrete hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is responsible for releasing the body's major metabolic hormone?

    <p>Thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mechanisms regulate most of the endocrine system?

    <p>Negative feedback mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by symptoms such as nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland known as?

    <p>Somatotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone regulates the rate of metabolism of all body cells?

    <p>Thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that maintains the relatively constant internal environment of the body?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands have secretions that differ between males and females?

    <p>Gonadal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other regulatory system of the body, besides the endocrine system?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in more of the body?

    <p>A single hormone can target many different responses, whereas a nerve only targets a single response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the response of the endocrine system and the nervous system?

    <p>The endocrine system produces a wider spread of responses, while the nervous system produces a localized response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Endocrine System

    • The pituitary gland produces hormones that help regulate reproductive cells, including luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
    • Androgens are produced by the testes.
    • The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the blood.

    Hormone Regulation

    • Hormone secretion is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
    • The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones.
    • Hormone secretion can also be regulated by other hormones, changes in blood composition, and the nervous system.

    Hormone Functions

    • Steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, can diffuse through plasma membranes and enter the nucleus to activate genes.
    • Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones.
    • The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism.
    • The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
    • Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, has antagonistic effects to PTH.

    Endocrine Glands

    • The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
    • The adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone.
    • The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones.
    • The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

    Hormone Effects

    • Hormones can produce a wide range of responses in the body, unlike nerve cells which target a specific response.
    • Hormone binding to target cells can lead to changes in plasma membrane permeability, enzyme activation, and gene transcription.
    • Hyperthyroidism is characterized by nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure.
    • Gigantism is a result of excess growth hormone production, while acromegaly is a result of excess growth hormone production after body growth is completed.

    Other

    • The endocrine system and the nervous system are the two major regulatory systems of the body.
    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, which is regulated by the endocrine system and the nervous system.

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    Description

    This quiz assesses knowledge on the endocrine system, focusing on pituitary hormones, hypothalamus, and related functions.

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