Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, regulates urine volume and blood volume?
Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, regulates urine volume and blood volume?
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (correct)
- Luteinizing hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
Which gland produces androgens?
Which gland produces androgens?
- Hypothalamus
- Islets of Langerhans
- Testes (correct)
- Ovaries
What is the other hormone that helps regulate reproductive cells, besides luteinizing hormone?
What is the other hormone that helps regulate reproductive cells, besides luteinizing hormone?
- Androgens
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (correct)
- Epinephrine
- Norepinephrine
Which glands regulate calcium levels in the blood?
Which glands regulate calcium levels in the blood?
What is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
What is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?
Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced?
Where are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone produced?
What is the result of hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone?
What is the result of hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone?
What triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens?
What triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens?
Which gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Which gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
What is the effect of drinking a liter of water quickly on hormone secretion?
What is the effect of drinking a liter of water quickly on hormone secretion?
How is hormone secretion regulated?
How is hormone secretion regulated?
Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?
Where are the target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones located?
Which gland stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone?
Which gland stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone?
What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?
What stimulates the release of PTH from the parathyroid gland?
Which of the following hormone pairs produces antagonistic results?
Which of the following hormone pairs produces antagonistic results?
What is a characteristic of endocrine hormones?
What is a characteristic of endocrine hormones?
Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland?
Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary gland?
What stimulates the release of cortisol?
What stimulates the release of cortisol?
What is the source of calcitonin?
What is the source of calcitonin?
What happens when there are high levels of calcium in the blood?
What happens when there are high levels of calcium in the blood?
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?
What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?
What is the response to low levels of calcium in the blood?
What is the response to low levels of calcium in the blood?
What is the characteristic of steroids that allows them to enter the nucleus of target cells?
What is the characteristic of steroids that allows them to enter the nucleus of target cells?
What is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone in the body?
What is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone in the body?
What is the result of the pituitary gland failing to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed?
What is the result of the pituitary gland failing to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed?
What type of stimulus is used to prod most endocrine organs into action?
What type of stimulus is used to prod most endocrine organs into action?
What is the function of tropic hormones?
What is the function of tropic hormones?
Which gland is responsible for releasing the body's major metabolic hormone?
Which gland is responsible for releasing the body's major metabolic hormone?
What type of mechanisms regulate most of the endocrine system?
What type of mechanisms regulate most of the endocrine system?
What condition is characterized by symptoms such as nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure?
What condition is characterized by symptoms such as nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure?
What hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?
What hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?
What is the growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland known as?
What is the growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland known as?
What hormone regulates the rate of metabolism of all body cells?
What hormone regulates the rate of metabolism of all body cells?
What is the process that maintains the relatively constant internal environment of the body?
What is the process that maintains the relatively constant internal environment of the body?
Which glands have secretions that differ between males and females?
Which glands have secretions that differ between males and females?
What is the other regulatory system of the body, besides the endocrine system?
What is the other regulatory system of the body, besides the endocrine system?
Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in more of the body?
Why can a single endocrine hormone produce a wider spread of responses in more of the body?
What is the main difference between the response of the endocrine system and the nervous system?
What is the main difference between the response of the endocrine system and the nervous system?
Study Notes
The Endocrine System
- The pituitary gland produces hormones that help regulate reproductive cells, including luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
- Androgens are produced by the testes.
- The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the blood.
Hormone Regulation
- Hormone secretion is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.
- The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones.
- Hormone secretion can also be regulated by other hormones, changes in blood composition, and the nervous system.
Hormone Functions
- Steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens, can diffuse through plasma membranes and enter the nucleus to activate genes.
- Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones.
- The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism.
- The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) that regulates calcium levels in the blood.
- Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, has antagonistic effects to PTH.
Endocrine Glands
- The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
- The adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, and mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone.
- The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to release hormones.
- The posterior pituitary gland stores and secretes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.
Hormone Effects
- Hormones can produce a wide range of responses in the body, unlike nerve cells which target a specific response.
- Hormone binding to target cells can lead to changes in plasma membrane permeability, enzyme activation, and gene transcription.
- Hyperthyroidism is characterized by nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure.
- Gigantism is a result of excess growth hormone production, while acromegaly is a result of excess growth hormone production after body growth is completed.
Other
- The endocrine system and the nervous system are the two major regulatory systems of the body.
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, which is regulated by the endocrine system and the nervous system.
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge on the endocrine system, focusing on pituitary hormones, hypothalamus, and related functions.
