Hormones and Endocrine System

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What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?

To produce melanin in the skin
To alter the physiologic activity of target cells (correct)
To provide energy to the heart through lipids
To regulate the passage of proteins during pregnancy

Which type of hormone acts on neighboring cells?

Endocrine
Paracrine (correct)
Circulating
Autocrine

What determines the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone?

The age of the individual
The location of the target cell in the body
The type of hormone receptor
The abundance of hormone receptors and hormone concentration (correct)

What is the term for the process by which hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells?

Endocrine secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of receptors a target cell can have for a particular hormone action?

5,000 to 100,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone produced by the adenohypophysis stimulates the thyroid gland?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of human growth hormone (hGH) produced by somatotrophs?

Regulating aspects of metabolism and general body growth (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the adenohypophysis produces and releases luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Gonadotrophs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corticotrophs in the adenohypophysis?

Producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for adrenal function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the endocrine system in regulating the body's chemical composition?

Maintaining the chemical composition and volume of interstitial fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary regulated?

In two ways: by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and the feedback mechanism of target cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland secretes its products into the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells?

Endocrine gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?

Controlling growth and development (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is located in the neck and plays a role in regulating metabolic activity?

Thyroid gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs produces erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?

Kidneys (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism used to regulate hormone secretion in most systems?

Negative feedback mechanism (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus regulate hormone secretion in a negative feedback mechanism?

By releasing inhibitory hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a positive feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?

Amplification of the stimulus and increased hormone release (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucagon and insulin in regulating blood sugar levels?

To work together to prevent hypoglycemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pituitary gland in hormone regulation?

To stimulate or stop hormone secretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

To regulate the activity of cells in other parts of the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body delivers hormones to target cells throughout the body?

The blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mechanism by which the endocrine system regulates hormone levels?

Feedback loops (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)?

Stimulating the release of human growth hormone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is associated with common disorders, including those related to eye diseases and treatment?

Anterior pituitary gland (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the time of onset of hormone action?

Seconds to hours or days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of human growth hormone on glucose metabolism?

It stimulates glucose release from the liver (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in women?

Stimulating the development of follicles for secretion of estrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary regulator of GHRH and GHIH secretion?

Blood glucose level (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of human growth hormone on lipid metabolism?

It stimulates lipolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxytocin in the process of childbirth?

To stimulate the contraction of muscles to push the baby out (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulates the production of thyrotropin?

TRH (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

To regulate the production of hormones by the pituitary gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) on growth hormone production?

It inhibits the production of growth hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical location of the pituitary gland?

In the cranial vault, on the sphenoid bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) in the endocrine system?

It stimulates the production of prolactin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the endocrine system?

It stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

It regulates the production of hormones by other endocrine glands (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the endocrine system?

It stimulates the production of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the pituitary gland have histologically?

3 (B) Signup and view all the answers