40 Questions
What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?
To alter the physiologic activity of target cells
Which type of hormone acts on neighboring cells?
Paracrine
What determines the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone?
The abundance of hormone receptors and hormone concentration
What is the term for the process by which hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target cells?
Endocrine secretion
What is the estimated number of receptors a target cell can have for a particular hormone action?
5,000 to 100,000
Which hormone produced by the adenohypophysis stimulates the thyroid gland?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
What is the primary function of human growth hormone (hGH) produced by somatotrophs?
Regulating aspects of metabolism and general body growth
Which type of cells in the adenohypophysis produces and releases luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Gonadotrophs
What is the role of corticotrophs in the adenohypophysis?
Producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for adrenal function
What is the primary function of the endocrine system in regulating the body's chemical composition?
Maintaining the chemical composition and volume of interstitial fluid
How is the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary regulated?
In two ways: by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus and the feedback mechanism of target cells
Which type of gland secretes its products into the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells?
Endocrine gland
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Controlling growth and development
Which of the following glands is located in the neck and plays a role in regulating metabolic activity?
Thyroid gland
Which of the following organs produces erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?
Kidneys
What is the primary mechanism used to regulate hormone secretion in most systems?
Negative feedback mechanism
How does the hypothalamus regulate hormone secretion in a negative feedback mechanism?
By releasing inhibitory hormones
What is the result of a positive feedback mechanism in hormone regulation?
Amplification of the stimulus and increased hormone release
What is the function of glucagon and insulin in regulating blood sugar levels?
To work together to prevent hypoglycemia
What is the role of the pituitary gland in hormone regulation?
To stimulate or stop hormone secretion
What is the primary function of hormones in the body?
To regulate the activity of cells in other parts of the body
Which part of the body delivers hormones to target cells throughout the body?
The blood
What is the term for the mechanism by which the endocrine system regulates hormone levels?
Feedback loops
What is the primary function of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)?
Stimulating the release of human growth hormone
Which gland is associated with common disorders, including those related to eye diseases and treatment?
Anterior pituitary gland
What is the characteristic of the time of onset of hormone action?
Seconds to hours or days
What is the effect of human growth hormone on glucose metabolism?
It stimulates glucose release from the liver
What is the primary function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in women?
Stimulating the development of follicles for secretion of estrogen
What is the primary regulator of GHRH and GHIH secretion?
Blood glucose level
What is the effect of human growth hormone on lipid metabolism?
It stimulates lipolysis
What is the role of oxytocin in the process of childbirth?
To stimulate the contraction of muscles to push the baby out
Which hormone regulates the production of thyrotropin?
TRH
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To regulate the production of hormones by the pituitary gland
What is the effect of growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) on growth hormone production?
It inhibits the production of growth hormone
What is the anatomical location of the pituitary gland?
In the cranial vault, on the sphenoid bone
What is the function of prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) in the endocrine system?
It stimulates the production of prolactin
What is the role of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in the endocrine system?
It stimulates the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What is the function of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?
It regulates the production of hormones by other endocrine glands
What is the role of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the endocrine system?
It stimulates the production of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland
How many lobes does the pituitary gland have histologically?
3
Test your knowledge of the endocrine system, including hormones, their functions, and the organs involved. Learn about the role of hormones in regulating various bodily functions, from growth and energy production to skin pigmentation and insulin production.
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