120 Questions
Which type of glands release hormones within the body and act on target tissues?
Endocrine glands
What is the term for chemicals released by one species to affect the behavior of another species?
Allomone
Which of the following is a general principle of hormone function?
Hormones often have a pulsatile secretion pattern.
What is the term for signaling molecules that travel via the bloodstream and act on target tissues?
Hormones
Which type of communication involves chemical release and diffusion across a synapse?
Synaptic
What is the term for hormones used to communicate between individuals of the same species and released into the environment?
Pheromone
Which type of communication involves a hormone being released into the bloodstream to act on target tissues?
Endocrine
Which gland is considered the 'primary' gland in the body and releases important hormones?
Anterior pituitary
Which part of the pituitary gland stores and releases only two hormones?
Posterior pituitary
Which hormone is often referred to as the 'love hormone'?
Oxytocin (OXT)
Which hormone is responsible for the reflexive release of milk from mammary glands in response to suckling?
Oxytocin (OXT)
Which hormone is released during orgasm in both men and women and plays a role in pair bond formation?
Oxytocin (OXT)
Which type of voles are monogamous and form durable and exclusive pair-bonds?
Prairie voles (PV)
Which hormone facilitates pair-bond formation in female prairie voles (PVs)?
Oxytocin (OXT)
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating milk production in females and is involved in parental behavior?
Prolactin
Which two hormones are released by the anterior pituitary and act directly on tissues without involving a final gland or hormone?
Prolactin and Growth hormone (GH)
Which hormone is responsible for governing sperm production in Sertoli cells in the testes?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which hormone stimulates production of testosterone (T) from Leydig cells in the testes?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which hormone stimulates ova-containing follicles and secretion of estrogens in the ovary?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which hormone triggers the rupture of follicles, releasing the ovum in the ovary?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Which hormone is known as the 'hormone of pregnancy' and prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy?
Progesterone
Which hormone is responsible for thickening the uterine wall to support implantation of the ovum?
Progesterone
When does ovulation occur?
When the follicles rupture
During which phase is pregnancy possible?
Ovulation phase
Which system interactions are involved in ringdove courtship behavior?
Neural to neural
Which hormone triggers the rupture of follicles during ovulation?
LH
What happens during the luteal phase?
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
When does the uterine lining shed?
During menses
Which systems interact to produce integrated behavior?
Neural and endocrine
What topics will be covered in Exam 1?
Topics 1-6
OXT nasal spray increases positive attitudes towards those seen as similar.
True
OXT nasal spray decreases acceptance of 'outsiders'.
True
OXY increases the likelihood of lying when beneficial to in-group members.
True
OXT levels in women are higher in distressed/insecure relationships.
True
The anterior pituitary (AnP) has a more complex release mechanism compared to other glands.
True
Hypothalamic releasing hormones are synthesized by neuroendocrine neurons in various hypothalamic nuclei.
True
Tropic hormones released by the anterior pituitary reach endocrine glands throughout the body.
True
True or false: Hormone levels in the body are controlled by circadian clocks in the brain.
True
True or false: Hormones can interact with other hormones and change their effects.
True
True or false: Hormones can affect any cell in the body, regardless of whether it has a receptor protein for that hormone.
False
True or false: Negative feedback control mechanisms regulate the secretion of hormones.
True
True or false: The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases only two hormones.
True
True or false: Oxytocin is important for reproductive and parenting behavior.
True
True or false: Oxytocin is released during orgasm in both men and women and plays a role in pair bond formation.
True
Estrogen levels increase over time
True
Ovulation is triggered by LH
True
Pregnancy can only occur during ovulation
True
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone
True
The uterine wall thickens to support implantation of the ovum
True
Menses is when the uterine lining is shed
True
Ringdove courtship behavior involves four types of system interactions
True
Neural to neural system interaction is involved in ringdove courtship behavior
True
Endocrine to neural system interaction is involved in ringdove courtship behavior
True
True or false: Glands are organs that secrete substances for use in the body and discharge into the surroundings?
True
True or false: Exocrine glands secrete fluid outside the body, such as sweat, saliva, milk, and tears?
True
True or false: Hormones act instantaneously, rather than gradually?
False
True or false: One hormone can have an effect on multiple behaviors, and one behavior can be affected by several hormones?
True
True or false: Hormones often have a continuous secretion pattern, rather than a pulsatile one?
False
True or false: Pheromones are hormones used to communicate between individuals of the same species and are released into the environment?
True
True or false: The relationship between behavior and hormones is unidirectional, with hormones solely influencing behavior?
False
What are the four types of system interactions involved in ringdove courtship behavior?
Neural to neural, Neural to endocrine, Endocrine to endocrine, Endocrine to neural
What topics will be covered in Exam 1?
Topics 1-6 (2 covered, but de-emphasized)
When is Exam 1?
Thursday, 9/28
When is the due date for PRA2?
Thursday lab, 9/21
What systems interact to produce integrated behavior?
Hormonal and neural systems
When will the exam grades be posted?
This evening at 5 pm
When are the final make-ups?
Today
When is the next quiz?
Tuesday
What is the term for chemicals released by one species to affect the behavior of another species?
Pheromones
What is the role of OXT nasal spray in humans?
OXT nasal spray increases positive attitudes towards those seen as similar, but decreases acceptance of 'outsiders'.
What are the three structures involved in the multi-stage hormone release process of the anterior pituitary?
The three structures involved in the multi-stage hormone release process of the anterior pituitary are the hypothalamus, pituitary, and target gland.
How does hormone release via the anterior pituitary differ from other glands?
Hormone release via the anterior pituitary is much more complex compared to other glands.
What are the six hormones released by the anterior pituitary?
The six hormones released by the anterior pituitary are thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)), prolactin, and growth hormone (GH).
What is the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?
The function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is to regulate reproductive processes in both males and females.
What are the two gonadotropins released by the anterior pituitary?
The two gonadotropins released by the anterior pituitary are follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
What are the main functions of gonadotropins in the gonads?
The main functions of gonadotropins in the gonads are gamete (sex/reproductive cell) production and sex hormone production and release.
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland releases important hormones and regulates other glands.
What are the two hormones released by the posterior pituitary?
The two hormones released by the posterior pituitary are oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP).
What is the role of oxytocin (OXT) in reproductive and parenting behavior?
Oxytocin (OXT) is important for reproductive and parenting behavior. It is sometimes referred to as the 'love hormone'.
How does oxytocin (OXT) contribute to attachment bond formation?
Oxytocin (OXT) is released upon skin-to-skin touch between a baby and its mother. It also facilitates attachment bond formation in baby mammals. Oxytocin antagonists prevent recognition of the mother's smell and inhibit maternal behavior in rats.
What is the role of oxytocin (OXT) in bond formation?
Oxytocin (OXT) is involved in bond formation. It is released during orgasm in both men and women and contributes to the formation of pair bonds.
What is the difference in oxytocin receptor expression between female prairie voles (PVs) and female meadow voles (MVs)?
Female prairie voles (PVs) have high oxytocin receptor expression, while female meadow voles (MVs) have low oxytocin receptor expression.
How does arginine vasopressin (AVP) contribute to pair-bond functions in males?
Male prairie voles (PVs) have more arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors than male meadow voles (MVs). Forcing expression of AVP receptors in male MVs leads to the formation of strong pair bonds.
What are endocrine glands and how do they differ from exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands are organs that release hormones within the body to act on target tissues. They differ from exocrine glands in that exocrine glands secrete fluid outside the body, while endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream.
What are the different forms of chemical communication?
The different forms of chemical communication include synaptic (neurocrine), endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, pheromone, and allomone.
What are the general principles of hormone function?
The general principles of hormone function are: 1) Hormones act gradually, not instantaneously. 2) Hormones act by changing the probability or intensity of a behavior. 3) The relationship between behavior and hormones is reciprocal. 4) One hormone may have effects on multiple behaviors, and one behavior can be affected by several hormones. 5) Hormones often have a pulsatile secretion pattern.
What is volume transmission and how does it differ from synaptic transmission?
Volume transmission is the extrasynaptic neurotransmitter binding/activity caused by 'spillover'. It differs from synaptic transmission in that synaptic transmission involves chemical release and diffusion across a synapse.
What are pheromones and allomones?
Pheromones are hormones used to communicate between individuals of the same species and are released into the environment. Allomones are chemicals released by one species to affect the behavior of another species.
What is the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis?
The HPG axis stimulates the release of hormones that regulate reproductive functions, such as the stimulation of ova-containing follicles and secretion of estrogens in the ovary.
How do hormones act on target tissues?
Hormones act on target tissues by traveling via the bloodstream and binding to specific receptors on the cells of the target tissues.
Endocrine glands release ______ within the body
hormones
Exocrine glands secrete fluid ______ the body
outside
Hormones act by changing the probability or ______ of a behavior
intensity
One hormone may have effect ______ behaviors, and one behavior can be affected by several hormones
multiple
Hormones often have a ______ secretion pattern
pulsatile
A hormone is released into the bloodstream to act on ______ tissues
target
Pheromones are hormones used to communicate between individuals of the ______ species
same
OXT nasal spray increases positive attitudes towards those seen as similar, but decreases ______ of 'outsiders'.
acceptance
OXT levels in women in ______ relationships are higher.
distressed/insecure
The anterior pituitary (AnP) has a more complex, but versatile ______.
release mechanism
Hormone release via the AnP is much more ______.
complex
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis involves the release of thyroid releasing hormone (______) from the hypothalamus.
TRH
FSH stimulates ova-containing follicles and secretion of estrogens in the ______.
ovary
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis involves the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (______) from the hypothalamus.
GnRH
Estrogen levels increase over time ________
Ovulation
Ovulation – follicles rupture (triggered by LH), releasing ________
ovum
Only time you can pregnancy can occur* ________
Ovulation
Luteal phase – corpus luteum secretes progesterone, uterine wall thickens to support implantation of the ________, pregnancy
Menses/menstruation – uterine lining is ________
shed
Hormonal and neural systems interact to produce integrated behavior Ringdove courtship behavior shows four types of system interactions Neural to ________
Neural to ________
________ to endocrine
Endocrine to ________
Negative feedback mechanisms regulate the secretion of hormones. The system's output feeds back and directly inhibits further ______.
secretion
The pituitary gland is the body's 'primary' gland that releases important hormones and regulates other ______.
glands
The posterior pituitary (PP) stores and releases only two hormones: Oxytocin (OXT) and ______.
Arginine vasopressin (AVP)
Oxytocin (OXT) is important for reproductive and parenting behavior and is often referred to as the 'love ______'.
hormone
Oxytocin (OXT) is released during orgasm in both men and women, which contributes to the formation of ______ bonds.
pair
Pair-bonds are durable and exclusive relationships between two individuals, and oxytocin (OXT) facilitates pair-bond formation in female ______.
prairie voles (PVs)
The hormone vasopressin (AVP) plays a role in pair-bond functions in ______.
males
Test your knowledge of the effects of OXT nasal spray and the anterior pituitary with this informative quiz. Explore how OXT influences attitudes towards others and the likelihood of lying, as well as the intricate release mechanism of the anterior pituitary. Perfect for those interested in hormones and human behavior.
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