The Early Tudors and the Reformation (1485-1558)
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Questions and Answers

What was the purpose of the Navigation Act of 1485 under Henry VII?

  • To increase taxation on exports
  • To regulate domestic markets
  • To promote competition among guilds
  • To stimulate English shipping (correct)

How did Henry VII manage the boys within his King's Council?

  • He included more high-ranking nobles than before
  • He allowed only members from his own family
  • He appointed members solely from the clergy
  • He focused on selecting individuals based on ability and loyalty (correct)

What measure did Henry VII take to bolster the woolen industry?

  • He imposed heavy duties on imported wool
  • He simplified guild regulations to attract more workers
  • He placed a heavy duty on exported wool (correct)
  • He established direct control over cloth production

What led to the decline of craft guilds during Henry VII's reign?

<p>Government regulation of guild ordinances (A), A surge in the influence of domestic merchants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the treaties that Henry VII negotiated with foreign nations?

<p>They emphasized the reciprocity of trade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Henry VII rarely convene Parliament during his reign?

<p>He had limited need for regular tax grants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Henry VII's foreign policy?

<p>To achieve peace and security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the justices of the peace play during Henry VII's reign?

<p>They supervised tax collection and local governance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in Henry VII's ability to maintain his throne?

<p>Sheer ability and forbearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major political alliances did Henry VII garner support from by 1493?

<p>Scotland, France, and Germany (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Henry VII approach financial management during his reign?

<p>He was meticulous and personally checked accounts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the attempted invasions involving Warbeck and King James IV of Scotland?

<p>The invasions failed and Warbeck was eventually captured (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Henry VII's governance style compared to that of his son?

<p>Henry VII was less militaristic and more prudent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions did Henry VII take to become self-sufficient?

<p>He implemented policies that fostered foreign commerce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Henry VII's financial policies reflect about his beliefs?

<p>He believed prosperity leads to political power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times did Henry VII ask Parliament for direct taxation during his reign?

<p>Only five times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Henry VII's primary concern that influenced his foreign policy?

<p>Avoiding unnecessary wars that could weaken his treasury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political marriage was arranged by Henry VII to secure an alliance with Spain?

<p>Arthur's marriage to Catherine of Aragon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Henry VII's diplomatic efforts with Scotland?

<p>An alliance through a marriage between James IV and his daughter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Etaples (1492) primarily concerned with?

<p>Setting annual subsidies for Henry VII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Henry VII respond to James IV's invasion of England?

<p>He threatened invasion in retaliation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alliance did Henry VII successfully maintain during his reign?

<p>Spanish and Hapsburg alliances against France (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Henry VII's motivations for political marriages?

<p>To enhance the royal family's power and influence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change occurred when Arthur, Henry VII's eldest son, died?

<p>Catherine of Aragon became engaged to Henry, his second son (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Henry VII's economic policies

Henry VII's policies focused on increasing trade volume, encouraging English shipping, and promoting specific industries like wool production.

Navigation Act of 1485

A law that stimulated English shipping.

Intercursus Magnus treaty

A 1497 treaty with the Netherlands promoting trade reciprocity.

Decline of Craft Guilds

Craft guilds weakened due to exclusive wealthy masters and strict regulations.

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Domestic System

A system where merchants became middlemen between producers and consumers, supplying raw materials and buying finished goods.

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Henry VII's Governance

King Henry VII governed primarily through the King's Council, emphasizing abilities and loyalty over social status and including fewer of the great lords.

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Justices of the Peace

Local officials who supervised taxes and carried out royal decrees, crucial for enforcing laws at the county level.

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Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Henry VII's foreign policy prioritized peace and security.

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Henry VII's Reign

Henry VII's rule as King of England was marked by securing his dynasty, avoiding serious threats after 1497, relying on shrewd policies for respect rather than popularity, and prioritizing internal order and external peace.

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Rebellion Failures

Multiple rebellions against Henry VII, including those led by Perkin Warbeck and various factions failed. Warbeck was captured and executed, showcasing Henry's ability to quell opposition.

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Financial Prudence

Henry VII was careful with money, meticulously managing finances, and maximizing income, and reducing expenditures. These policies strengthened the monarchy.

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Limited Taxation

Henry VII successfully governed without antagonizing his subjects by raising excessive taxes. He only requested direct taxation from Parliament five times.

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Feudal Weakness

A significant weakness of feudal monarchs was their reliance on vassals for revenue. Beyond those resources, kings had limited options, often needing to appeal to parliament.

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External Peace Dependence

Henry VII understood that external peace and internal order were linked to a strong and prosperous economy. His financial strategies followed this logic.

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Increased Revenue

Henry VII's fiscally prudent strategies increased government revenue. He focused on regaining Crown properties and taxing foreign commerce.

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Securing Dynasty

Henry VII's policies successfully secured his dynasty, avoiding serious threats after 1497, thus ensuring a stable and long-lasting royal lineage.

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Henry VII's Marriage Strategy

Henry VII used marriage alliances to strengthen England's position in Europe, securing alliances with powerful nations like Spain and Scotland.

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Catherine of Aragon's Role

Catherine, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, was married to Henry VII's son Arthur, and then to his younger son Henry, forming a crucial alliance with Spain.

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Henry VII's French Policy

Henry VII avoided military conflicts with France, preferring diplomacy and financial gain over territorial conquests.

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Treaty of Etaples Significance

This treaty in 1492 secured significant annual subsidies for Henry VII from France, showcasing his success in diplomacy and securing financial benefits.

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Henry VII's Scottish Policy

Henry VII sought to ensure peace with Scotland, employing diplomacy and a marriage alliance between his daughter Margaret and King James IV.

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Henry VII's Foreign Policy Goals

Henry VII prioritized the security and stability of England through strategic alliances, diplomatic negotiations, and avoiding costly wars.

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Henry VII's Approach to War

Henry VII generally avoided war, favoring diplomacy and alliances to secure England's interests.

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Impact of Henry VII's Foreign Policy

Henry VII's skillful diplomacy and avoidance of major wars laid the groundwork for a stable and prosperous England, setting the stage for his son's reign.

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Study Notes

The Early Tudors and the Reformation (1485-1558)

  • Henry VII (1485-1509) claimed the throne by conquest and marriage. His reign focused on restoring royal authority and strengthening the monarchy.
  • Henry VII's policies included the Act of Supremacy, which acknowledged the king as head of the English Church.
  • Henry VII's reign improved England's financial situation and strengthened its international standing.
  • Henry VIII (1509-1547) inherited a strong monarchy and treasury. He aggressively pursued royal power and orchestrated a religious break with Rome.
  • Key events of the Reformation included the separation of the English Church from Rome (Act of Supremacy), dissolution of monasteries, and the establishment of the Church of England.
  • Henry VIII's personal desires and need for a male heir played a major role.
  • Henry VIII ended papal supremacy.
  • Henry VIII married six times.
  • Religious upheaval and changes in religious doctrine occurred during the rule of Henry VIII. This resulted in reformation of the Church of England.
  • Thomas Cromwell played a critical role advising Henry VIII in solidifying royal power.
  • The dissolution of many monasteries deprived the country of religious services and caused social upheaval.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Early Tudors and the Reformation period in England from 1485 to 1558. Explore significant events, key figures, and the impact of Henry VII and Henry VIII on the monarchy and religion. This quiz covers the Act of Supremacy, the Church of England's establishment, and more.

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