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Questions and Answers
What happened on the night of June 20, 1791?
What happened on the night of June 20, 1791?
- Louis and his immediate family attempted to flee to Metz in eastern France (correct)
- The royal family was recognized and halted at Varennes
- The king was escorted back to Paris by a company of soldiers
- The National Constituent Assembly declared the king had been abducted from the capital
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
- A declaration by the National Constituent Assembly to preserve the constitutional monarchy
- An announcement by the royalist military force waiting in Metz
- A provision rendered practically meaningless by Great Britain's lack of consent
- A promise by Emperor Leopold II and King Frederick William II to intervene in France and protect the royal family (correct)
What did the leaders of the National Constituent Assembly do to save the constitutional monarchy?
What did the leaders of the National Constituent Assembly do to save the constitutional monarchy?
- Announced the king had been abducted from the capital (correct)
- Declared Louis as the chief counterrevolutionary in France
- Issued the Declaration of Pillnitz
- Escorted the royal family back to Paris
What halted the king's flight at Varennes?
What halted the king's flight at Varennes?
Who wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France?
Who wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France?
What did Edmund Burke criticize about the French administration reconstruction?
What did Edmund Burke criticize about the French administration reconstruction?
Who composed The Rights of Man in response to Burke's ideas?
Who composed The Rights of Man in response to Burke's ideas?
What did Thomas Paine declare in The Rights of Man?
What did Thomas Paine declare in The Rights of Man?
What did Washington insist on during his presidency regarding foreign relations?
What did Washington insist on during his presidency regarding foreign relations?
What did other European monarchies recognize by April 1792 regarding revolutionary France?
What did other European monarchies recognize by April 1792 regarding revolutionary France?
What did the increasing radicalism of the French Revolution lead to in other European governments?
What did the increasing radicalism of the French Revolution lead to in other European governments?
What was the impact of Burke's work on the continent?
What was the impact of Burke's work on the continent?
Who pressed for a republic and drew inspiration from radical Enlightenment thought?
Who pressed for a republic and drew inspiration from radical Enlightenment thought?
Which group assumed leadership of the Legislative Assembly and opposed counterrevolutionary forces?
Which group assumed leadership of the Legislative Assembly and opposed counterrevolutionary forces?
What event effectively ended the constitutional monarchy in France?
What event effectively ended the constitutional monarchy in France?
Which event saw the Paris Commune execute about 1,200 people in city jails?
Which event saw the Paris Commune execute about 1,200 people in city jails?
What did the resistance to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the king's flight, and the Declaration of Pillnitz pose for the new Legislative Assembly?
What did the resistance to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the king's flight, and the Declaration of Pillnitz pose for the new Legislative Assembly?
Who assumed dominance and acted as the protector of the gains of the revolution against internal and external enemies?
Who assumed dominance and acted as the protector of the gains of the revolution against internal and external enemies?
What event led to demands for the right to bear arms and the participation of women in the National Guard?
What event led to demands for the right to bear arms and the participation of women in the National Guard?
Who completed the reconstruction of the government and administration of France in September 1791?
Who completed the reconstruction of the government and administration of France in September 1791?
Which group opposed counterrevolutionary forces, leading to the declaration of war on Austria in 1792?
Which group opposed counterrevolutionary forces, leading to the declaration of war on Austria in 1792?
What group pressed for a republic and drew inspiration from radical Enlightenment thought?
What group pressed for a republic and drew inspiration from radical Enlightenment thought?
Who gained dominance and acted as the protector of the gains of the revolution against internal and external enemies?
Who gained dominance and acted as the protector of the gains of the revolution against internal and external enemies?
What event led to extensive violence and the imprisonment of the royal family, effectively ending the constitutional monarchy?
What event led to extensive violence and the imprisonment of the royal family, effectively ending the constitutional monarchy?
Who were the sans-culottes?
Who were the sans-culottes?
What did the Paris Commune compel the Legislative Assembly to call for?
What did the Paris Commune compel the Legislative Assembly to call for?
Who declared France a republic on September 21, 1792?
Who declared France a republic on September 21, 1792?
What was the chief political vehicle for the sans-culottes?
What was the chief political vehicle for the sans-culottes?
Who sought a community of small property owners and were strongly republican?
Who sought a community of small property owners and were strongly republican?
Who dominated the Convention and the revolution?
Who dominated the Convention and the revolution?
Who began to cooperate with the Parisian sans-culottes and the Paris Commune to overthrow the monarchy?
Who began to cooperate with the Parisian sans-culottes and the Paris Commune to overthrow the monarchy?
Who faced a royalist revolt in the Vendée?
Who faced a royalist revolt in the Vendée?
Who was put on trial, convicted, and executed in January 1793?
Who was put on trial, convicted, and executed in January 1793?
Who were republicans seeking representative government?
Who were republicans seeking representative government?
Who led the country into the war but were unable to win it or suppress the enemies of the revolution at home?
Who led the country into the war but were unable to win it or suppress the enemies of the revolution at home?
What did the sans-culottes intensely resent?
What did the sans-culottes intensely resent?
Who dominated the Convention and the revolution?
Who dominated the Convention and the revolution?
What led to new hostility toward the revolutionary government across Europe?
What led to new hostility toward the revolutionary government across Europe?
Who sought relief from food shortages and rising prices through price controls?
Who sought relief from food shortages and rising prices through price controls?
Who were intensely hostile to the aristocracy and resented social inequality?
Who were intensely hostile to the aristocracy and resented social inequality?
Who were republicans seeking representative government but were not wholly compatible with the goals of the sans-culottes?
Who were republicans seeking representative government but were not wholly compatible with the goals of the sans-culottes?
Who organized the Paris Commune, the chief political vehicle for the sans-culottes?
Who organized the Paris Commune, the chief political vehicle for the sans-culottes?
Who were unable to win the war or suppress the enemies of the revolution at home?
Who were unable to win the war or suppress the enemies of the revolution at home?
Who sought a community of small property owners and were strongly republican?
Who sought a community of small property owners and were strongly republican?
Who began to cooperate with the Parisian sans-culottes and the Paris Commune to overthrow the monarchy?
Who began to cooperate with the Parisian sans-culottes and the Paris Commune to overthrow the monarchy?
Who compelled the Legislative Assembly to call for the election of a new assembly to write a democratic constitution?
Who compelled the Legislative Assembly to call for the election of a new assembly to write a democratic constitution?
Who were comprising shopkeepers, artisans, wage earners, and some factory workers?
Who were comprising shopkeepers, artisans, wage earners, and some factory workers?
Who was put on trial, convicted, and executed in January 1793?
Who was put on trial, convicted, and executed in January 1793?
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Study Notes
The French Revolution: The Rise of the Sans-Culottes and Jacobins
- August massacre of the Swiss guards and imprisonment of the royal family led to new hostility toward the revolutionary government across Europe
- The Paris Commune compelled the Legislative Assembly to call for the election of a new assembly to write a democratic constitution
- The Convention, meeting on September 21, 1792, declared France a republic
- The sans-culottes, comprising shopkeepers, artisans, wage earners, and some factory workers, sought relief from food shortages and rising prices through price controls
- The sans-culottes were intensely hostile to the aristocracy and resented social inequality
- The Parisian tradespeople and artisans sought a community of small property owners and were strongly republican
- The Paris Commune organized in the previous summer was the chief political vehicle for the sans-culottes
- The Jacobins, republicans seeking representative government, were not wholly compatible with the goals of the sans-culottes
- More extreme Jacobins began to cooperate with the Parisian sans-culottes and the Paris Commune to overthrow the monarchy
- The Mountain, a faction of the Jacobins, dominated the Convention and the revolution
- Louis XVI was put on trial, convicted, and executed in January 1793
- The revolution found itself at war with most of Europe and faced a royalist revolt in the Vendée, while the Girondists had led the country into the war but were unable to win it or suppress the enemies of the revolution at home
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