The DNA Structure Challenge
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Questions and Answers

In DNA, how is the second strand oriented in relation to the first strand?

  • Parallel
  • Random
  • Perpendicular
  • Antiparallel (correct)

    • What is the correct name for the base sugar with the phosphate in DNA?

  • Phosphodiester
  • Nucleotide (correct)
  • Nitrogen base
  • Deoxyribose

    • What is the correct nomenclature for the base bound to the sugar in DNA?

  • Nitrogen base (correct)
  • Phosphodiester
  • Deoxyribose
  • Nucleotide

    • What is the number of hydrogen bonds formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen base pair is easier to denature in DNA?

    <p>Adenine and Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon on the deoxyribose in DNA is usually replaced by a normal hydrogen?

    <p>Fifth carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nitrogen-containing bases in DNA?

    <p>Purines and pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cyclic structures do purines have in DNA?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many carbon atoms are in the sugar of DNA?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon on the deoxyribose in DNA is replaced by a normal hydrogen?

    <p>Second carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct nomenclature for the base bound to the sugar in DNA?

    <p>Nucleoside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the base sugar with the phosphate in DNA?

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen base pair is easier to denature in DNA?

    <p>Adenine-Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, how is the second strand oriented in relation to the first strand?

    <p>Antiparallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate backbones in DNA?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of hydrogen bonds formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the base sugar with the phosphate in RNA?

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct nomenclature for the base bound to the sugar in RNA?

    <p>Nucleoside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen base pair is more stable in DNA?

    <p>Guanine-Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is the most predominant in each cell for making proteins?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine in DNA?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogen base is replaced by uracil in RNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is involved in the assembly of ribosomes?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is involved in the regulation of gene expression?

    <p>microRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA, which carbon on the sugar molecule is missing an oxygen atom?

    <p>Second carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine in DNA?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in DNA packaging between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes use supercoiling, while eukaryotes use histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of supercoiling in DNA packaging?

    <p>To shorten the DNA and make it fit into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a negative supercoil is introduced in DNA?

    <p>Tension is introduced and the DNA twists around itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a positive supercoil is introduced in DNA?

    <p>Tension is introduced and the DNA twists around itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA packaging?

    <p>To introduce or remove supercoils in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II?

    <p>Topoisomerase I makes a single strand break, while topoisomerase II makes a double strand break</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in DNA structure between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes have circular DNA, while eukaryotes have linear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of coding DNA in prokaryotes?

    <p>To make proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes?

    <p>Regulatory functions leading to alternative splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of DNA supercoiling in prokaryotes?

    <p>Efficient packaging of DNA into a small cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major way in which DNA is packaged into the cell in prokaryotes?

    <p>By using topoisomerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the yellow parts in the picture called?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does the DNA wrap around the histones in a nucleosome?

    <p>Two times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many proteins are there in an octamer?

    <p>Eight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histone H1 in DNA packaging?

    <p>To attach one nucleosome to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in DNA packaging between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes use topoisomerases, while eukaryotes use histones and non-histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct name for the proteins that make up an octamer?

    <p>H2A, H2B, H3, H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA packaging?

    <p>To introduce breaks in the DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct nomenclature for the base sugar with the phosphate in DNA?

    <p>Deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of DNA supercoiling in prokaryotes?

    <p>It allows for efficient DNA packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for condensing DNA into a solenoid?

    <p>Nucleosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histone h one in DNA packaging?

    <p>It keeps nucleosomes together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of acetylating histones?

    <p>To open up DNA for transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the positive charge of nucleosomes in DNA packaging?

    <p>It pulls the DNA close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of scaffold proteins in DNA packaging?

    <p>To keep loops of solenoids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kilo base pairs of DNA does each loop in the solenoid structure contain?

    <p>60 to 100 KB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure formed when loops of solenoids are organized in a flower-like manner?

    <p>Rosetta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the two chromatids of a chromosome kept together?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the p arm of a chromosome?

    <p>The short arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in chromosome structure between eukaryotes and bacteria?

    <p>Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes, while bacteria have circular chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct statement about chromatids?

    <p>Chromatids are formed after replication and are attached to each other in the centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of introns in DNA?

    <p>Introns are non-coding parts of DNA that are removed from the RNA during splicing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genes and chromatids?

    <p>Genes are located on chromatids and lie next to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of exons in DNA?

    <p>Exons are parts of DNA that code for proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which introns are removed from RNA called?

    <p>Splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the picture, are exons larger or smaller than introns?

    <p>Exons are larger than introns in the picture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In real life, are exons larger or smaller than introns?

    <p>Introns are usually much bigger than exons in real life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the chromatids in the picture?

    <p>The chromatids in the picture are not identical because they contain different genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the chromatids in real life?

    <p>The chromatids in real life are identical because they are formed from replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA packaging in real life?

    <p>Introns are usually much bigger than exons in DNA packaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is visible under the microscope when DNA is condensed during cell division?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of condensing DNA during cell division?

    <p>To make it more visible under the microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the chromosome can be different in length between the P arm and the Q arm?

    <p>Chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the different alleles located within a chromosome?

    <p>On different chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be exchanged during crossing over of chromosomes?

    <p>Information between chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are chromosomes necessarily identical?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many copies of chromosome one does an individual have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the different alleles located within a chromosome?

    <p>On different chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when introns are removed from RNA?

    <p>Splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are the two chromatids within one chromosome identical?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nucleus is typically occupied by nontranscribed parts of the DNA?

    <p>The nuclear membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the behavior of mitochondrial DNA similar to?

    <p>Bacterial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many copies of DNA does each mitochondrion typically have?

    <p>Five to ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA packaging differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes have circular DNA, while eukaryotes have linear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the nontranscribed parts of the DNA typically located within the nucleus?

    <p>The nuclear membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA is circular, while nuclear DNA is linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the transcribed parts of the DNA typically located within the nucleus?

    <p>The center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the behavior of mitochondrial DNA compare to bacterial DNA?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA is circular, while bacterial DNA is linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total size of mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>17 kilobases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about mitochondrial DNA coding?

    <p>It codes for rRNA, tRNAs, and some proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mitochondrial DNA compare to nuclear DNA in terms of size?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA is much smaller than nuclear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many mitochondria can be found in a single cell?

    <p>A few hundred to several thousand up to 200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Nuclear DNA is predominantly coding DNA, while mitochondrial DNA has more non-coding DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histone modifications?

    <p>To determine the structure of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when histones are acetylated?

    <p>Histones lose their positive charge and DNA becomes more open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can we only see chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>The DNA in interphase cells is not completely condensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do humans have?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of topoisomerases in DNA packaging?

    <p>To relieve supercoiling and prevent DNA tangling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and cutting out wrongly attached bases during DNA replication?

    <p>Exonuclease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the origin of replication in DNA replication?

    <p>To provide a starting point for the polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of base sequence is easier to open up during DNA replication?

    <p>AT-rich sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of single strand binding proteins in DNA replication?

    <p>To stabilize single stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strands during DNA replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA primers in DNA replication?

    <p>To provide a free three prime site for DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA synthesis during DNA replication?

    <p>From five prime to three prime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that forms when DNA strands are separated during DNA replication?

    <p>Fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for elongating the DNA strands during DNA replication?

    <p>Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase?

    <p>To cut out wrongly attached bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of a nucleotide?

    <p>A sugar and a base attached to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleosome?

    <p>A combination of histones and DNA wrapped around it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is DNA fully packed into chromosomes?

    <p>During the metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of transcription?

    <p>To make mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does replication of DNA occur?

    <p>During the interface phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to DNA during the metaphase of cell division?

    <p>It is fully packed into chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of DNA making up chromatids and then chromosomes called?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of histones in DNA packaging?

    <p>To condense DNA into chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is DNA fully accessible for transcription?

    <p>During the interface phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of replication in DNA?

    <p>To create a copy of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>To read the template strand from 5' to 3' and synthesize new DNA in the 3' to 5' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between chromatin and nucleosome?

    <p>Chromatin refers to the whole structure of DNA combined with its proteins, while a nucleosome is a part of the chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct direction of DNA synthesis during replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between semiconservative and conservative DNA replication?

    <p>In semiconservative replication, each strand is the template for a new complementary strand, while in conservative replication, the original strands remain together and the new strands remain together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histone proteins in chromatin?

    <p>To help package and organize DNA into a compact structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct direction of DNA synthesis during replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between chromatin and nucleosome?

    <p>Chromatin refers to the whole structure of DNA combined with its proteins, while a nucleosome is a part of the chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between semiconservative and conservative DNA replication?

    <p>In semiconservative replication, each strand is the template for a new complementary strand, while in conservative replication, the original strands remain together and the new strands remain together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme attaches to the helicase during DNA replication in prokaryotes and is called a primo zone?

    <p>DNA primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the helicase move during DNA replication in the leading strand?

    <p>Left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme synthesizes the DNA in the 5' to 3' direction during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the polymerase move during DNA replication in the leading strand?

    <p>Left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the helicase move during DNA replication in the lagging strand?

    <p>Left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the polymerase move during DNA replication in the lagging strand?

    <p>Right to left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the combination of a short stretch of RNA with the DNA during DNA replication?

    <p>Okazaki fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA polymerase is responsible for removing the RNA primer and filling the gap?

    <p>Polymerase one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the clamp that helps keep the DNA polymerase attached to the DNA?

    <p>PCNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA polymerase is the major chromosome replicating enzyme?

    <p>Polymerase three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for closing the gaps between Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA polymerase is involved in DNA repair?

    <p>Polymerase two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the activity of polymerase one that allows it to remove the RNA primer and DNA?

    <p>Exonuclease activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of replication that determines whether a strand is a leading or lagging strand?

    <p>Left to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primer and replacing it with DNA?

    <p>DNA polymerase one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of topoisomerases in DNA replication?

    <p>To remove positive supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>To join Okazaki fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

    <p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the primase in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize the RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>Prokaryotic DNA replication is unidirectional, while eukaryotic DNA replication is bidirectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model describes the replication of nucleosomes in eukaryotes?

    <p>Semiconservative model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleosome during replication in eukaryotes?

    <p>The nucleosome is split over two chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for removing the primer in eukaryotic DNA replication?

    <p>RNase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of single strand binding proteins in DNA replication?

    <p>To stabilize the single stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein acts as a sliding clamp in DNA replication?

    <p>PCNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA has deoxyribose sugar while RNA has ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is involved in the regulation of gene expression?

    <p>miRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize new DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds are formed between cytosine and guanine in DNA?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotides are used by the polymerase to build DNA during replication?

    <p>ATP, GTP, TTP, CTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an RNA primer in DNA replication?

    <p>To initiate DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Tata box in DNA replication?

    <p>To regulate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polymerases are present in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

    <p>Polymerase III and Polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA primase?

    <p>To synthesize DNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between DNA replication and transcription?

    <p>The direction of synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is involved in the assembly of ribosomes?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of replication in DNA replication?

    <p>The region where DNA unwinds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histone proteins in chromatin?

    <p>To compact and organize DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between polymerase III and polymerase I?

    <p>Their function in DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT true?

    <p>In eukaryotes, the DNA is located in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the replication of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotes have one type of polymerase while eukaryotes have multiple types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA is true?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA can undergo mutations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines whether a woman has the same mitochondrial DNA as her great great great grandmother?

    <p>The transmission of mitochondrial DNA from mother to child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of changes in DNA over time?

    <p>The number of replication falls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of DNA replication?

    <p>Prokaryotes have their DNA in the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of DNA replication?

    <p>Eukaryotes have more proteins involved in replication than prokaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of differences in mitochondrial DNA between individuals?

    <p>The number of replication falls in mitochondrial DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the replication of DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in terms of origins of replication?

    <p>Prokaryotes have multiple origins of replication while eukaryotes have only one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of changes in mitochondrial DNA over time?

    <p>The number of replication falls in mitochondrial DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme removes the RNA primers in prokaryotes during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme removes the RNA primers in eukaryotes during DNA replication?

    <p>RNase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of topoisomerase is predominantly active in DNA unwinding?

    <p>Topoisomerase two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is PCNA a type of single strand binding protein?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we need Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can DNA ligase and DNA polymerase one act while DNA is being synthesized?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can DNA ligase and DNA polymerase one act while Okazaki fragments are being made?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does DNA polymerase one remove the RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does DNA polymerase two remove the RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does DNA polymerase three remove the RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

    <p>To provide a template for the synthesis of a new DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which direction does the axonuclease work in?

    <p>Both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the primosome complex on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does DNA shorten over time after multiple replications in somatic cells?

    <p>Due to the end replication problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of telomerase in dealing with the end replication problem?

    <p>To lengthen telomeres at the ends of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an okazaki fragment composed of?

    <p>RNA primer and DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the number of replication forks between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Eukaryotes have more replication forks than prokaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA primase during DNA replication?

    <p>To synthesize RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA synthesis during DNA replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase?

    <p>To proofread and correct errors in DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing DNA during replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotide is used to pair with adenine (A) during DNA replication?

    <p>Thymine (T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of supercoiling occurs when a turn is added to the DNA?

    <p>Positive supercoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA polymerase one during DNA replication?

    <p>Replacing the RNA primer with DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ATP molecules synthesized during respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of topoisomerase two in DNA replication?

    <p>Making a double strand break and turning the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of supercoiling occurs when a turn is removed from the DNA?

    <p>Negative supercoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleotide is used to pair with cytosine (C) during DNA replication?

    <p>Guanine (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and cutting out wrongly attached bases during DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the triphosphates used for DNA synthesis located?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of atelomerase in stem cells and germ cells?

    <p>To synthesize a long stretch of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the PCNA clamp in DNA replication?

    <p>To prevent the polymerase from falling off the DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA is primarily passed along the maternal line?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is it necessary to study DNA replication in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic polymerases?

    <p>Eukaryotic polymerases have different names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the lecture sufficient for understanding DNA replication?

    <p>No, extra research is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of supercoiling is more common in DNA?

    <p>Negative supercoiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes?

    <p>To regulate gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase?

    <p>To remove RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme removes the RNA primers in prokaryotes during DNA replication?

    <p>RNase H</p> Signup and view all the answers

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