Podcast
Questions and Answers
The letters 'DNA' stand for __________.
The letters 'DNA' stand for __________.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as __________.
DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as __________.
Nucleotides
The three parts of a nucleotide are __________, __________, and __________.
The three parts of a nucleotide are __________, __________, and __________.
Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are __________, __________, __________, and __________.
The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are __________, __________, __________, and __________.
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Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as __________. These two bases are __________ and __________.
Two of the nitrogen bases are single ring structures known as __________. These two bases are __________ and __________.
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The other two bases are double ring structures known as __________. These two bases are __________ and __________.
The other two bases are double ring structures known as __________. These two bases are __________ and __________.
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__________ and __________ are the two scientists that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.
__________ and __________ are the two scientists that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.
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DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a __________.
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a __________.
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The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are __________ and __________.
The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are __________ and __________.
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The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the 'ladder' are known as __________.
The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the 'ladder' are known as __________.
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Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?
Which nitrogen bases always pair with one another?
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According to Chargaff's rules, the percentages of __________ are equal to those of thymine and the percentages of __________ are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.
According to Chargaff's rules, the percentages of __________ are equal to those of thymine and the percentages of __________ are equal to those of guanine in the DNA molecule.
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The nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by __________.
The nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by __________.
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According to the principle of base pairing, hydrogen bonds could form only between adenine and cytosine.
According to the principle of base pairing, hydrogen bonds could form only between adenine and cytosine.
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The type of sugar found in DNA is __________.
The type of sugar found in DNA is __________.
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If the sequence on the right-hand side of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the complementary side would have a sequence of __________.
If the sequence on the right-hand side of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the complementary side would have a sequence of __________.
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The process in which DNA builds an exact duplicate of itself is known as __________.
The process in which DNA builds an exact duplicate of itself is known as __________.
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What is the primary function of DNA?
What is the primary function of DNA?
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Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?
Why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself?
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During replication, the two nucleotide chains __________ and each chain serves as a __________ for a new nucleotide chain. The sites where DNA replication and separation occur are called __________.
During replication, the two nucleotide chains __________ and each chain serves as a __________ for a new nucleotide chain. The sites where DNA replication and separation occur are called __________.
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During replication, enzymes called __________ untwist the double helix, separating the two parental strands. The point at which the two chains separate is known as the __________.
During replication, enzymes called __________ untwist the double helix, separating the two parental strands. The point at which the two chains separate is known as the __________.
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Enzymes called __________ move along the separated strands assembling the new chains of DNA.
Enzymes called __________ move along the separated strands assembling the new chains of DNA.
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The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and proceeds to the other end.
The replication of DNA begins at one end of the molecule and proceeds to the other end.
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DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecule speeding up the process of replication.
DNA replication occurs simultaneously at many sites along the molecule speeding up the process of replication.
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When replication is complete, two __________ copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin __________.
When replication is complete, two __________ copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin __________.
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Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one new strand.
Each DNA molecule resulting from replication has one original strand and one new strand.
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Study Notes
DNA Basics
- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid.
- DNA consists of nucleotides, which are the basic subunits.
- Each nucleotide comprises a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
Nitrogen Bases in DNA
- DNA contains four nitrogen bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
- Pyrimidines are single-ring structures, including thymine and cytosine.
- Purines are double-ring structures, comprising adenine and guanine.
Discovery and Structure of DNA
- Watson and Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA.
- DNA resembles a twisted ladder, known as a double helix.
- The sides of the DNA ladder are formed by sugars and phosphates.
Base Pairing
- Nitrogen bases bond in the center, forming the steps of the ladder.
- Adenine pairs exclusively with thymine, while cytosine pairs with guanine.
- Chargaff's rules state adenine percentage equals thymine, and cytosine equals guanine.
Molecular Composition
- Hydrogen bonds hold the nitrogen bases together.
- DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
DNA Replication
- If one strand of DNA is TAGGCTCA, its complementary strand is ATCCGAGT.
- DNA replication is the process where DNA duplicates itself.
- DNA's primary role is to store information for protein synthesis.
Importance of Replication
- DNA must replicate before cell division, ensuring daughter cells inherit the exact genome.
- Each nucleotide chain separates during replication, serving as a template for new strands.
- Replication occurs at specific sites called replication forks.
Enzymatic Actions in Replication
- Helicase enzymes unwind the double helix and separate parental strands.
- DNA polymerases assemble new DNA chains along the separated strands.
Replication Process Features
- DNA replication does not start at one end; it occurs simultaneously at multiple sites, enhancing efficiency.
- Upon replication completion, two exact DNA copies are generated, preparing the cell for division.
- Each resulting DNA molecule consists of one original and one new strand.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of DNA, including its composition, nitrogen bases, and the historic discovery by Watson and Crick. This quiz explores the molecular structure and base pairing rules associated with DNA. Challenge yourself and strengthen your understanding of genetics!
