Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which function primarily occurs in the large intestine?
Which function primarily occurs in the large intestine?
- Nutrient absorption via villi
- Absorption of water and electrolytes (correct)
- Secretion of digestive enzymes
- Enzymatic breakdown of proteins
What is the primary role of bile in the digestive process, and which organ produces it?
What is the primary role of bile in the digestive process, and which organ produces it?
- Emulsifies fats; produced by the gallbladder.
- Emulsifies fats; produced by the liver. (correct)
- Breaks down proteins; produced by the stomach.
- Neutralizes stomach acid; produced by the pancreas.
If the pyloric sphincter were to malfunction and remain partially open, what would be the most likely consequence?
If the pyloric sphincter were to malfunction and remain partially open, what would be the most likely consequence?
- Accelerated digestion of carbohydrates in the duodenum.
- Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid.
- Backflow of intestinal contents into the stomach. (correct)
- Increased absorption of nutrients in the stomach.
How do villi and microvilli contribute to efficient nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
How do villi and microvilli contribute to efficient nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
What is the role of gastrin in the stomach, and how does it contribute to digestion?
What is the role of gastrin in the stomach, and how does it contribute to digestion?
If amylase secretion were blocked, the digestion of which nutrient would be MOST affected?
If amylase secretion were blocked, the digestion of which nutrient would be MOST affected?
The mesentery is crucial for the digestive system. What is its primary function?
The mesentery is crucial for the digestive system. What is its primary function?
What is the primary function of bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine?
What is the primary function of bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine?
During which digestive process stage are nutrients transported into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body?
During which digestive process stage are nutrients transported into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body?
What type of movement is responsible for propelling food through the esophagus?
What type of movement is responsible for propelling food through the esophagus?
Flashcards
Ingestion
Ingestion
Taking food into the digestive system.
Secretion (Digestion)
Secretion (Digestion)
Releasing fluids and digestive enzymes to aid digestion.
Mechanical Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
Physically breaking down food through chewing and muscle contractions.
Chemical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
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Peristalsis
Peristalsis
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Sphincter (Digestion)
Sphincter (Digestion)
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Villi
Villi
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Bicarbonate (Digestion)
Bicarbonate (Digestion)
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Bile
Bile
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Gall Bladder
Gall Bladder
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Study Notes
- The digestive system performs six primary functions: ingestion, secretion, mixing and movement, digestion, absorption, and excretion.
Main Sections
- The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine and transports food.
- Accessory organs, including the pancreas, gall bladder, and liver, break down food using secretory juices.
- Enzymes, blood, hormones, and nerves facilitate food breakdown and nutrient delivery.
- The mesentery is a tissue stretch that positions all digestive organs.
Digestive Process
- Food undergoes mechanical digestion in the mouth through biting, chewing, and mixing with saliva, with chemical digestion occurring as saliva's amylase breaks down starch into sugar.
- The esophagus moves food to the stomach via peristalsis, with a sphincter muscle ring opening to allow food passage.
- The stomach uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) to break down connective tissue, enzymes to break proteins into polypeptides, and the gastrin hormone to regulate HCl production.
- The pyloric sphincter controls the release of partially digested food into the small intestine.
- The small intestine's villi and microvilli increase surface area for nutrient absorption, with the duodenum being the primary site of digestion.
- Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine through active transport and diffusion.
- The large intestine, consisting of the colon, rectum, and anus, absorbs water, minerals, and vitamins without any digestion.
- The large intestine stores cellulose and undigested bacterial fragments before excretion.
Accessory Organs
- The pancreas secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid and produces digestive enzymes in the small intestine.
- The liver produces bile to aid in fat digestion and stores glucose as glycogen, releasing it when needed.
- The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver.
Digestive Pathway
- The overall digestive pathway: mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum/anus.
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