Volume 1 Unit 4 Part 4
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Questions and Answers

________ moistens the food, making it easier to swallow and had digestive enzymes that break food down into chemicals the body can use.

The _________ is a “holding tank” in which food remains for several hours.

______ is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It breaks up large molecules of fatty foods.

Some useful substances are absorbed by special cells that line the walls of the small intestine. Some are carried directly to cells throughout the body. What happens to the rest?

<p>They are transported to the liver where they are released as the body requires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do wastes leave the body?

<p>As bowel movements through the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main jobs of the respiratory system?

<p>Provides the body with oxygen and rids the body of carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two acts of breathing?

<p>Inhaling and exhaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

From what do inhaling and exhaling result?

<p>Contractions of the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lines the nasal passages and for what purpose?

<p>Tiny hair-like structures and mucus to filter dust and dirt from the air. They warm and moisten cold air as it moves through the nasal passages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carries air toward the lungs?

<p>The trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two tubes called that enter each lung?

<p>Primary bronchi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur?

<p>In the alveoli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What system moves blood throughout the body?

<p>Circulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does blood transport?

<p>Food and oxygen to the cells; carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of what does the circulatory system consist?

<p>Heart, blood vessels, blood, and the lymphatic system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the heart pump blood through the circulatory system?

<p>Contracting and relaxing rhythmically</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pumps does the heart have?

<p>Two, one to carry blood from the lungs to the cells and another that picks up carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of blood vessels?

<p>Arteries, veins, and capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest artery in the body?

<p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the body’s two largest veins?

<p>Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blood consists of plasma and what three kinds of formed elements?

<p>Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are red blood cells (erythrocytes) able to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?

<p>They contain hemoglobin, which picks up oxygen molecules from the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do white blood cells (leukocytes) help protect the body from disease?

<p>By attacking bacteria, viruses, poisons, and other harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do platelets help prevent bleeding from damaged blood vessels?

<p>They collect where an injured blood vessel leaks and along with various proteins in the plasma, seal broken blood vessels by forming a clot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does lymph come from?

<p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lymph nodes?

<p>Produce many white blood cells, which filter harmful substances out of the lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main organs of the urinary system?

<p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic filtering units in the kidneys called?

<p>Nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when water, urea, sodium chloride, and certain other wastes are filtered through a nephron?

<p>Urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

<p>Ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urine leaves the body through the _________.

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___________ is the process in which a sperm unites with an egg.

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In the male, what glands produce sperm?

<p>Testicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do the ovaries of a female release an egg?

<p>About once a month during childbearing years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the developing baby obtain food and oxygen?

<p>The placenta enables the baby to obtain food and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the endocrine glands control body function?

<p>By producing hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the main endocrine glands?

<p>Adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, sex, and the thyroid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?

<p>It releases a number of hormones, which regulate other endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the pituitary gland controlled?

<p>By hormones released by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____________ make chemicals that perform specific functions in the area where they are released

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What are some of the major exocrine products?

<p>Digestive juices, mucus, sweat, and tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nervous system regulate and coordinate?

<p>The activities of all other systems of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Of what is the nervous system made?

<p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main divisions of the nervous system?

<p>Central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______________ system functions as the control center of the nervous system.

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What two types of neurons are included in the nerves that connect the central nervous system with every part of the body?

<p>Sensory and motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are receptors? What role do receptors play in the nervous system?

<p>They are special sensory neurons. They translate information about the internal or external environment into nerve impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main division of the nervous system regulates automatic functions of the body, such as the beating of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system?

<p>Autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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