The Devil and Tom Walker Summary
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Questions and Answers

Where is the inlet mentioned in the content located?

  • A few miles from Chicago
  • By the coast of New Jersey
  • A few miles from Boston (correct)
  • In the center of New York City

What type of tree is mentioned as growing on the ridge opposite the inlet?

  • Birch trees
  • Scattered oaks of great age (correct)
  • Pine trees
  • Maple trees

What was buried under one of the gigantic trees according to old stories?

  • A secret map
  • An ancient artifact
  • A valuable painting
  • A buried treasure by Kidd the pirate (correct)

How did Tom Walker and his wife treat each other?

<p>With conspiracy to cheat each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom Walker's house suggest about their lifestyle?

<p>They had an air of starvation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of horse is described in the content?

<p>A miserable horse with visible ribs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred around the year 1727 in New England?

<p>Earthquakes were prevalent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of savin-trees near their house symbolize?

<p>Sterility and barrenness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of person was Tom's wife described as?

<p>A fierce temperamental woman (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the general reputation of Tom and his household?

<p>They had a bad name (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom Walker encounter when he arrived at the old Indian fort?

<p>A mysterious stranger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicated that the tree Tom was sitting on might fall soon?

<p>It was rotten at the core (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was revealed about Deacon Peabody from the trees in the woodland?

<p>He was wealthy due to shrewd dealings with the Indians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What final discovery did Tom make while digging in the mold at the fort?

<p>A cloven skull and tomahawk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the lonely wayfarer feel upon observing Tom's household?

<p>Fear and reluctance to interfere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the swamp was highlighted regarding its physical appearance?

<p>It was thick with dark, towering trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the attitude of Tom Walker toward the spirits associated with the old fort?

<p>He was indifferent towards them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Tom Walker's response to the stranger's claim about the land?

<p>He laughed it off (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What natural element was described as plentiful in the swamp?

<p>Mosses and weeds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did Tom find himself after navigating through the swamp?

<p>At the old Indian fort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of atmosphere is primarily described in the swamp?

<p>Dark and gloomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom remember about the name marked on the tree he was seated on?

<p>It was of a rich man associated with buccaneering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom Walker find in his wife's apron when he climbed the tree?

<p>A heart and liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Tom react to the loss of his wife?

<p>He felt gratitude towards the black woodsman (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition did the black man impose on Tom regarding the treasure?

<p>He must use it to start a slave trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What profession did Tom eventually take up after dealing with the black man?

<p>Usurer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Tom's reputation spread after he became a usurer?

<p>He was infamous for his harsh terms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom promise to charge on loans after his deal with the black man?

<p>Four percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of the country when Tom started lending money?

<p>The people were experiencing hard times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom Walker do with the money he accumulated?

<p>Built a lavish house (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom Walker do to compensate for his previous actions?

<p>He becomes a devoted church-goer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industry did the black man suggest Tom enter into after refusing the slave trade?

<p>Usury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies Tom's anxiety about the afterlife?

<p>His desire to cheat the devil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Tom's customers perceive him?

<p>As a savior during tough times (B), As a friend in need (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What item does Tom carry in his coat-pocket for protection?

<p>A small Bible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom experience while scrambling up the tree to retrieve the apron?

<p>He was overwhelmed with joy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inferred aspect of Tom's character is evident from his actions towards his customers?

<p>He was manipulative and exploitative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Tom Walker's wealth at the end of the story?

<p>It turns into ashes and shavings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom do when the land-jobber asks for mercy?

<p>He refuses to delay the foreclosure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event did NOT influence the rise of Tom's business as a usurer?

<p>The establishment of a new bank (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Tom's final attitude towards wealth and material possessions?

<p>He became obsessed with accumulating wealth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom Walker do during his time at church?

<p>He prays loudly and strenuously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Tom decide to have his horse buried with its feet uppermost?

<p>He thought the world would be upside-down at the Last Judgment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately happens to Tom Walker during the thunderstorm?

<p>He vanishes with the black man. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the people of Boston react to Tom's fate?

<p>They are not surprised. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical trait of Tom is emphasized during his ride on the black horse?

<p>His white cap bobbing up and down. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom hope to achieve through his loud church attendance?

<p>To distract from his sins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom do while conducting business?

<p>He reads his Bible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Tom Walker's home after his death?

<p>It burns to the ground. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tom Walker's supervisor behavior reveal about his character?

<p>He is greedy and narrow-minded. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What name is Tom known by in the neighborhood?

<p>The black woodsman (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the black man offer Tom Walker?

<p>Great sums of money buried by Kidd the pirate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom see burned into his forehead?

<p>A black print of a finger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Tom refuse to comply with his wife’s wishes concerning the black man's offer?

<p>He was determined not to be damned to please her. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom's wife take with her when she went to meet the black man?

<p>A propitiatory offering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long did Tom wait for his wife to return before he grew uneasy?

<p>A day and a night (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the last thing Tom Walker heard as he searched for his wife?

<p>The croaking of a bull-frog (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did some people speculate about Tom's wife after her disappearance?

<p>She eloped with the household booty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Tom's reaction to the news of Absalom Crowninshield's death?

<p>He felt indifferent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait does Tom Walker exhibit in his interactions with the black man?

<p>Hard-mindedness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What eventually happened to Tom Walker's wife?

<p>She disappeared without a trace. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom Walker's wife urge him to do regarding the black man's terms?

<p>To accept them and secure wealth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Tom notice about the black man as he disappeared?

<p>He seemed to sink into the earth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the black man symbolize in the story?

<p>Greed and ambition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The inlet

A deep inlet that stretches into a swampy area, a short distance from Boston.

The dark grove

A thick forest located on one side of the inlet.

The high ridge

A high ridge on the opposite side of the inlet, covered with ancient oak trees.

Kidd's treasure

The pirate Kidd's hidden treasure, rumored to be buried under one of the giant oak trees.

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The devil's role in buried treasure

The devil, said to guard buried treasure, especially if it's ill-gotten.

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Tom Walker

A miserly and greedy man who lives near the inlet where Kidd's treasure is buried.

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Tom Walker's wife

Tom Walker's wife, equally as miserly and greedy as him.

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Tom Walker's house

The dilapidated state of Tom Walker's house, reflecting his poverty and miserliness.

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The House's Bad Reputation

The house and its inhabitants had a bad reputation due to the constant arguments between Tom and his wife.

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What is a termagant?

Tom's wife is described as a 'termagant,' a fierce and loud woman with a strong physical presence.

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How is the conflict between Tom and his wife described?

The author uses imagery of 'wordy warfare' and 'signs of conflict not confined to words' to show the intensity of the arguments between Tom and his wife.

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How does the author present the impact of Tom and his wife's arguments?

The author describes a scene where a lonely wayfarer (traveller) hurries past the house, afraid of the couple's constant noise.

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What does the swamp represent?

Tom chooses a shortcut through a dangerous swamp, which is a metaphor for his character's tendency to take risky paths.

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How is the swamp depicted?

The swamp is described as a dark, treacherous place, full of danger and decay.

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What does Tom's choice to take the swamp shortcut show?

The description of the swamp highlights Tom's adventurous but reckless nature.

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What does the old Indian fort symbolize?

The old Indian fort represents the past and the remnants of a lost civilization.

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What is the common belief about the old fort?

The people are afraid of the fort's history, believing it to be a place of evil magic and sacrifices.

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How does Tom react to the fort's ominous reputation?

Tom is presented as someone not easily affected by fear or superstition.

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What does Tom's discovery of the skull and tomahawk represent?

Tom's discovery of the cloven skull and tomahawk highlights the violent history of the fort.

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Who is the black man?

The black man, who appears mysteriously, represents a supernatural force or a devilish figure.

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Why does the black man know about Deacon Peabody's sins?

The black man's ability to know about Deacon Peabody's wrongdoing suggests his power and knowledge.

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What does the black man's comment about 'firewood' suggest?

The black man refers to the trees as 'firewood' for winter, hinting at his plans to punish those who wronged him.

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What does the marking of the trees suggest?

The marked trees represent the individuals who have committed wrongdoings in their lives.

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Who is the black man encountered by Tom Walker?

A supernatural being, often depicted as the embodiment of evil, commonly known as "Old Scratch" or "the Devil".

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What is Tom Walker's main character trait that makes him unafraid of the black man?

Tom's strong-willed and resolute nature, making him a difficult person to intimidate or influence.

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What deal does the black man propose to Tom Walker?

The offer made by the black man to Tom Walker, involving the location of hidden treasure, but requiring a specific condition.

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What is the physical manifestation of the deal between Tom and the black man?

The mark left by the black man on Tom Walker's forehead, serving as confirmation of their encounter and a binding symbol of their agreement.

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How does Tom Walker react to the news of Absalom Crowninshield's death?

Tom's reaction to the news of Absalom Crowninshield's death, showcasing his indifference and uncaring attitude towards the pirate.

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Why does Tom Walker initially refuse to accept the black man's offer?

Tom Walker's initial reluctance to make a deal with the black man, despite his wife's desire for wealth, highlighting his stubborn nature.

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What is the central conflict between Tom Walker and his wife?

The contrast between Tom and his wife's eagerness to pursue wealth by any means, reflecting their different priorities and personalities.

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What does Tom Walker's wife decide to do after her husband rejects the black man's deal?

The wife's decision to negotiate with the black man on her own behalf, revealing her ambition and determination to achieve wealth.

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What is the ultimate fate of Tom Walker's wife?

The uncertainty surrounding Tom Walker's wife's disappearance, leaving open the possibility of various outcomes, from a tragic accident to a cunning escape.

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How does Tom Walker react to his wife's disappearance?

Tom's anxious behavior fueled by his preoccupation with his wife's safety and the potential loss of their wealth.

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What are some theories about what happened to Tom Walker's wife?

The various interpretations of Tom Walker's wife's disappearance, reflecting the ambiguity of the story and the potential for multiple interpretations.

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What is the significance of the Indian fort in the story?

The setting of the story, a remote and secluded location, evokes a sense of isolation and mystery.

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What is the significance of the cypress tree in the story?

The symbolic representation of the black man's power, highlighting his ability to manipulate and control the natural world.

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How does the author create atmosphere and mood in the story?

The use of imagery related to darkness, isolation, and eerie sounds to create a sense of unease and suspense.

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What is the main message of the story?

The overall theme of the story, exploring the dangers of greed and the potential consequences of making deals with the devil.

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What did Tom Walker do to gain wealth?

The devil's agreement made with Tom Walker.

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Why did Tom Walker's carriage make a lot of noise?

Tom Walker's first action after gaining wealth was to buy a luxurious carriage, but he chose to save money by not maintaining it, resulting in the carriage's wheels groaning and screeching.

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How does Tom Walker's religious behavior change after he gets wealthy?

Tom Walker, once known for his greed and stinginess, suddenly turns into a dedicated church-goer after obtaining wealth. He believes that devout religious practices can secure his place in heaven.

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What is hypocritical about Tom Walker's religious devotion?

Tom Walker's religious devotion appears extravagant and superficial, unlike the genuine faith of other Christians. He uses his newfound religious zeal as a means to judge and condemn his neighbors.

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Why is Tom Walker so scared of going to hell?

Tom Walker's religious practices are an attempt to compensate for his past sins and secure his place in heaven, but he remains fearful of going to hell. This fear leads to constant and intense prayer.

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How does Tom Walker try to cheat the devil?

Tom Walker tries to outsmart the devil by meticulously following religious traditions, believing that his devotion will offset his past sins. However, deep down, he still fears the devil's retribution.

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Why does Tom Walker keep his Bible with him?

Tom Walker is suspicious of the devil's power, so he carries a small Bible everywhere to protect himself. He also keeps a large bible on his desk at work to symbolize his piety, though he often uses it as a cover for his business dealings.

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How does Tom Walker view himself in relation to others?

Tom Walker is a self-righteous miser, believing his religious devotion makes him morally superior to others. He judges his neighbors harshly, convinced that their sins are credits to his own righteousness.

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Why is Tom Walker's wealth considered ill-gotten?

Tom Walker's desire for wealth leads him to exploit his neighbors. He engages in usury to obtain more wealth, ruthlessly exploiting those less fortunate than himself.

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What is Tom Walker's most defining characteristic?

Tom Walker is known for his insatiable greed. He takes pride in his wealth, constantly seeking to accumulate even more.

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What is Tom Walker's negotiation style like?

Tom Walker engages in relentless negotiations and bargaining, always striving to gain an advantage over others, even in his religious practices.

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How does the devil approach Tom Walker at the end?

Tom Walker's encounter with the devil is sudden and unexpected, showcasing the devil's power to strike quickly and unexpectedly.

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What is the ultimate fate of Tom Walker and his wealth?

Tom Walker's demise symbolizes the consequences of greed and the devil's ultimate power. His wealth is consumed by fire, and he is taken away by the devil.

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What is the central message of the story?

The tale serves as a cautionary warning, highlighting the dangers of unchecked greed and the devil's ability to tempt and punish.

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Who is Tom Walker?

Tom Walker is a greedy and miserly man who lives near the swamp where Kidd's treasure is buried. He is willing to make a deal with the devil in order to obtain the treasure.

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What is Tom's wife like?

Tom's wife is just as greedy and miserly as he is. She is depicted as a shrewish and overly controlling individual who tries to manipulate her husband.

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Who is the devil in the story?

The devil is portrayed as a shrewd and manipulative figure who offers Tom great wealth in exchange for his soul. He appears to Tom at different times, sometimes as a black man, sometimes as a woodsman.

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What deal does Tom Walker make with the devil?

Tom Walker's deal with the devil involves giving up his soul in exchange for the pirate's treasure. This bargain shapes the entire story and leads to Tom's eventual fate.

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How does the devil deceive Tom?

The devil uses a variety of forms to deceive Tom, appearing as a woodsman and a black man. He tries to tempt Tom using his desires for wealth and power.

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What happens to Tom's wife?

Tom Walker's wife tries to make a deal with the devil for herself but fails. She is said to have perished in the swamp, with only her heart and liver left behind.

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What prompts Tom's success?

Tom Walker becomes a successful usurer because he takes advantage of a time of economic hardship. He lends money at extremely high interest rates, exploiting people's desperation for cash.

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What are the consequences of Tom's success?

Tom Walker's success comes with a cost. He becomes a greedy and ruthless businessman, exploiting those in need and accumulating wealth through their desperation and misfortune.

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What are the themes explored in the story?

Tom Walker's deal with the devil, and his subsequent success, brings him immense wealth. However, it also corrupts him and drives him further into wickedness, demonstrating how ambition and greed can corrupt even the most ordinary person.

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What is one of the central morals of the story?

The story suggests that greed and materialism can corrupt individuals and lead them to immoral acts. Tom Walker's actions demonstrate how the pursuit of wealth can make people lose their heart and soul.

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Why is the story enduring?

The story has a timeless quality due to its exploration of universal themes like greed, temptation, and the consequences of making Faustian bargains. These themes are relevant across different cultures and time periods.

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Who wrote the story?

The story was written by Washington Irving, a prominent American author known for his folktales, legends, and literary works. He was a significant figure in shaping American literature during the 19th century.

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What historical context is the story set in?

The story is set in the early colonial period in America, which serves as a backdrop to Tom's journey from a miserly farmer to a ruthless usurer. The historical setting provides a context for the story's themes and its exploration of the changing American society.

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What literary elements are used in the story?

The story uses elements of folklore and the supernatural to create a sense of mystery and intrigue. The presence of the devil and the legend of Kidd's treasure add to the story's fantastical and fantastical elements.

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What makes the story compelling and impactful?

The story blends elements of the supernatural, moralistic tales, and real-life historical contexts to create a compelling narrative. This blend makes the story engaging, thought-provoking, and relevant to different audiences.

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Study Notes

The Devil and Tom Walker: Summary

  • Setting: A swampy area near Boston, Massachusetts, around 1727.
  • Tom Walker's character: Miserly, avaricious, and lived with an equally miserly wife.
  • Relationship with wife: Contentious and suspicious, frequently quarreling.
  • Living conditions: Their house and life were regarded as miserable and desolate.
  • Encounter with Black Woodsman (Devil): Tom, taking a shortcut through the swamp, encounters the Devil at an old Indian fort.
  • Devil's offer: Devil reveals buried pirate treasure, but offers it only under harsh conditions.
  • Conditions: Tom is to use the treasure for the Devil's service.

Key Conditions and Tom's Actions

  • Tom's refusal: Tom initially refuses to engage in slave trading, but accepts usury.
  • Wife's pursuit: Tom's wife, ambitious for wealth, attempts to bargain with the Devil.
  • Wife's disappearance: His wife vanishes after a second journey to the fort.
  • Wife's fate (uncertain): Various explanations for her disappearance, including death at the Devil's hands, loss in the swamp, or escape.
  • Tom's fate: The Devil takes Tom in exchange for a deal where the devil uses his wealth to create an empire in money lending.

Tom Walker's Wealth and Subsequent Actions

  • Success as a moneylender: Tom, becoming a substantial moneylender, accumulates wealth and considerable power.
  • Lifestyle in Boston: Tom establishes himself as a significant figure in Boston finance, building and demonstrating significant worldly success. He invests his life into obtaining wealth and accumulating his power.

Tom Walker's Later Life

  • Religious conversion: His worldly success is followed by a dramatic about face to a life of prayer and religious devotion.
  • Final encounter (death): The Devil, unhappy with Tom's new habits, abducts Tom in full view of all of his acquaintances and servants.
  • End: Tom's wealth dissipates, and he mysteriously disappears, and is never seen again from human society. The result of this is a warning against avarice.

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Description

Explore the key themes and characters of Washington Irving's 'The Devil and Tom Walker'. This summary delves into Tom's encounter with the Devil, his relationship with his wife, and the consequences of his choices. Discover the significance of greed and the moral lessons embedded in this classic tale.

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