16 Questions
Match the following stream types with their descriptions:
Type A = Youthful streams that are actively down-cutting their channels and tend to be relatively straight Type B = Streams with a step-pool morphology consisting of a series of pools connected by rapids and waterfalls Type C = Streams that typically flow into wide and relatively low-gradient U-shaped glaciated valleys Type D = Streams with a braided pattern, characterized by a series of narrow channels separated by gravel bars
Match the following stream types with their descriptions (cont.):
Type E = Streams occupying a wide, flat flood plain with a low gradient and developing a sinuous flow pattern Type F = Streams similar to Type E but with a higher sinuosity and a more exaggerated meandering pattern Type G = Well-developed meandering rivers Type A = Streams that are relatively straight and ungraded
Match the following terms with their definitions in a stream:
Glide = A smooth, uninterrupted flow of water over a shallow area of the stream Riffle = A shallow, fast-moving and turbulent section of the stream characterized by rough water and small waves
Match the following statements with the fate of the American Chestnut:
Once considered the finest chestnut tree in the world and played a vital role in the ecosystem = American Chestnut Reduced to 1-10% of its original size due to the chestnut blight, a disease = American Chestnut A large, fast-growing deciduous tree native to North America, particularly the Appalachian Mountain range = American Chestnut
Match the following stream features with their descriptions:
Pool = Deeper water and slower current Glide = Section transitioning from deeper to shallower Riffle = Shallow, faster-moving section Paleoindian culture = Time period of 1300-7500 BC
Match the following stream features with their effects:
Glide = Transitioning from deeper to shallower Riffle = Removing fine sediments and oxygenating the stream Pool = Forming on the outside bends of meanders between riffles Macroinvertebrates = Sensitive to pollution
Match the following stream features with their impacts on water quality:
Glide = Approaches the next riffle Riffle = Water moves faster, even at low flow Pool = Slower current Macroinvertebrates = Good water quality if collected in large numbers
Match the following statements with their descriptions:
Paleoindian era = First Native Americans entered the continent by crossing the Bering Strait Sensitive macroinvertebrates = Mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies Riffle effect = Intolerant of pollution Pool location = Outside bends of meanders between riffles
What is the characteristic of a pool in a stream?
Deeper water and slower current
What is the characteristic of a glide in a stream?
Transitioning from deeper to shallower water
Which macroinvertebrates are most sensitive to pollution according to Maryland DNR?
Mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies
What evidence of Paleoindian culture exists in western Maryland?
Few traces due to the nomadic hunters
What caused the drastic reduction in the American Chestnut population?
Chestnut blight disease
Which stream type is characterized by a series of narrow channels separated by gravel bars?
Type G
What is a 'glide' in a stream?
A deep, smooth-flowing part of the stream
What characterizes Type F streams?
High sinuosity and an exaggerated meandering pattern
Study Notes
Stream Characteristics
- A pool in a stream is characterized by deep, slow-moving water with little turbulence.
- A glide in a stream is characterized by smooth, fast-moving water with little turbulence.
Stream Types
- Type F streams are characterized by a series of narrow channels separated by gravel bars.
American Chestnut
- The American Chestnut population drastically reduced due to a factor that caused its decline.
- The decline of the American Chestnut population also affected the Paleoindian culture in western Maryland.
Macroinvertebrates
- According to Maryland DNR, certain macroinvertebrates are most sensitive to pollution.
Stream Features
- Various stream features have different effects on water quality.
Test your knowledge about the decline of the American Chestnut with this quiz. Explore the history, impact, and factors contributing to the dramatic reduction of the once-dominant tree species in North America.
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