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Questions and Answers
What major social phenomenon contributed to the events portrayed in The Crucible?
What major social phenomenon contributed to the events portrayed in The Crucible?
Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used by Abigail to influence public opinion in The Crucible?
Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used by Abigail to influence public opinion in The Crucible?
What type of irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not?
What type of irony occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not?
What term describes the trend where governments outsource prison management to private corporations?
What term describes the trend where governments outsource prison management to private corporations?
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During the Red Scare, what was the primary accusation made against individuals by Robert McCarthy?
During the Red Scare, what was the primary accusation made against individuals by Robert McCarthy?
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What does the rhetorical appeal of Ethos primarily focus on?
What does the rhetorical appeal of Ethos primarily focus on?
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Which persuasive technique involves using statistics and facts to support an argument?
Which persuasive technique involves using statistics and facts to support an argument?
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What type of bias involves presenting an opinion as though it were a fact?
What type of bias involves presenting an opinion as though it were a fact?
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What persuasive technique uses emotional language to create a specific emotional response?
What persuasive technique uses emotional language to create a specific emotional response?
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Which of the following biases results from a writer making assumptions about what the audience is thinking?
Which of the following biases results from a writer making assumptions about what the audience is thinking?
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What effect does Repetition have in persuasive communication?
What effect does Repetition have in persuasive communication?
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Which technique is characterized by using images or language designed to elicit happiness?
Which technique is characterized by using images or language designed to elicit happiness?
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What does Sensationalism rely on for effective persuasion?
What does Sensationalism rely on for effective persuasion?
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What is a characteristic of the Ad Hominem fallacy?
What is a characteristic of the Ad Hominem fallacy?
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Which of the following describes a Hasty Generalization?
Which of the following describes a Hasty Generalization?
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What does the Straw Man fallacy involve?
What does the Straw Man fallacy involve?
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Which fallacy focuses on the hypocrisy of an opponent?
Which fallacy focuses on the hypocrisy of an opponent?
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Which of the following best describes the False Dichotomy?
Which of the following best describes the False Dichotomy?
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What is an example of the Slippery Slope fallacy?
What is an example of the Slippery Slope fallacy?
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Which argument relies on provoking emotions rather than factual evidence?
Which argument relies on provoking emotions rather than factual evidence?
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What does Circular Argument entail?
What does Circular Argument entail?
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Study Notes
The Crucible
- Main cause of events in The Crucible was emotional excess and distress, leading to people blaming each other. This mirrored McCarthyism.
- Three reasons for accusations of witchcraft and their spread.
- Rhetorical Triangle's influence on characters' actions and motivations.
- Pathos used by characters to sway public opinion, blaming others for spiritual harm.
- Ethos used by judges to enhance credibility.
- Logos used sparingly.
- Red Scare/ McCarthyism's connection to the play: a time when the US government suspected each other of communism causing hysteria similar to The Crucible.
- Robert McCarthy accused many of being communists.
- Three types of irony are explained: verbal, situational, and dramatic.
Just Mercy
- Definition of Just Mercy: A plea to achieve mercy in legal matters.
- Prison-industrial complex: a trend of government transferring management of prisons to private corporations; aim to gain profits.
Rhetorical Appeals
- Ethos: appeal to credibility.
- Pathos: appeal to emotions.
- Logos: appeal to facts and statistics.
- Persuasive Techniques
- Facts and statistics.
- Logical statements.
- Expert/celebrity endorsements.
- Loaded words.
- Glittering generalities (using words to create an emotional response).
- Fear-mongering.
- Repetition.
- Bandwagon approach.
Media Literacy
- 16 Media Biases
- Spin - vague, dramatic or sensational language.
- Unsubstantiated claims.
Statements Appearing as Fact
- Statements seeming factual lack evidence.
- Opinions presented as facts.
- Sensationalism: information presented as shocking.
- Ad hominem (personal attacks).
- Mind reading: writers assuming reader's thoughts.
- Slant: bending truth to justify bias.
- Flawed Logic examples: misinterpreting arguments and/or evidence.
- Bias by omission, choice, and placement.
- Subjective adjectives in writing; word choice manipulation.
- Photo bias; using images for support/opposition.
- Negativity/Elite vs Populist bias.
Logical Fallacies
- Definition: Flawed, deceptive, or false arguments.
- Formal fallacy: issues in argument structure.
- Informal fallacy: errors in content or context.
- Ad hominem: personal attacks.
- Straw man: attacks a different subject than the topic.
- Appeal to ignorance: arguing something is true because not disproven.
- False dichotomy: limiting options to two extremes.
- Slippery slope: assuming a course of action will lead to negative consequences.
- Circular argument: repeating premises in the conclusion.
- Hasty generalization: concluding based on limited examples.
- Red herring: using distraction to avoid the main topic.
- Appeal to hypocrisy: focusing on opponent's flaws.
- Casual fallacy: concluding cause-and-effect without evidence
Informal Fallacies
- Examples of incorrect conclusions.
- Sunk cost: continuing something due to past effort.
- Appeal to authority: relying on an authority's opinion, improperly.
- Equivocation: confusing or misleading words.
- Appeal to pity: using emotion instead of reason.
- Bandwagon fallacy: agreeing because others do.
Parallel Structure
- Using the same grammatical form throughout a sentence, especially with compound verbs.
Complete Sentences/Fragments
- Definitions for complete and incomplete sentences
Active and Passive Voice
- Definitions and examples for active & passive voice in sentences.
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Description
Explore the key themes and rhetorical strategies in The Crucible and Just Mercy. Learn about the emotional distress that led to witchcraft accusations and the parallels with McCarthyism. Examine the use of rhetorical appeals like ethos, pathos, and logos in shaping public perception and legal mercy.
