The Crisis of the Church in the Middle Ages

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the factors that contributed to the decline of the Church's influence during the Middle Ages?

Spread of nationalism

Rise of Islam

Growing power of secular leaders (correct)

Introduction of new military technologies

What was a significant outcome of the Hundred Years War?

The invalidation of knights as the leading military force (correct)

The decline of nationalism

The spread of Islam in Europe

The rise of the Church's authority

What was a corruption practice in the Church during the Middle Ages?

Selling church offices to the highest bidders (correct)

The spread of Islam

The rise of nationalism in England

The introduction of gunpowder in warfare

What was a significant consequence of the dual papacy?

The Church's unity and authority were undermined Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

Ethical monotheism Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the final prophet in Islam?

Muhammad Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the Hundred Years War on warfare?

The introduction of new military technologies Signup and view all the answers

What was a symbol of unity and resistance during the Hundred Years War?

Joan of Arc Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

Dispute over the rightful leader after Muhammad's death Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor in the spread of Islam?

The message of monotheism and social justice Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the military conquests of the Islamic empire?

The expansion of the Islamic state Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Islamic empire's administrative system?

Unified political and administrative system under the caliphs Signup and view all the answers

What was a major economic factor in the spread of Islam?

Control of key trade routes connecting East and West Signup and view all the answers

What was a major characteristic of Baghdad during the Golden Age of the Islamic Empire?

A commercial center with a luxurious lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What was a major intellectual advance of the Islamic Golden Age?

Translation of ancient Greek and Indian texts Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor in the weakness of the surrounding empires that the Islamic empire took advantage of?

Their internal conflicts and weaknesses Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Kaaba in Arabia before Muhammad's time?

It was an important polytheistic idol worship site Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 610 in the life of Muhammad?

It was the year he received his first message from angel Gabriel Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina?

Hijra Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the holy book of Islam, which is believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad?

Quran Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fasting during Ramadan in Islam?

To seek better perception of God and exercise self-control Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the obligatory charity in Islam, which is 2.5% of one's total net worth?

Zakat Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

Dispute over how the Muslim community should be ruled after Muhammad's death Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the collections of sayings, actions, and approvals of the prophet Muhammad?

Hadith Signup and view all the answers

What is the profession of faith to one god Allah, and Muhammad as the prophet, in Islam?

Shahadah Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajj?

To follow the path of Muhammad and spiritually gather with Muslims from all over the world Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Weakened Church's Influence

Growing power of secular leaders
Corruption and scandals within the Church
- Selling church offices to the highest bidders
- Nepotism and moral corruption
Widespread criticism of the Church, leading to a loss of respect
Dual papacy, causing division and undermining the Church's unity and authority

Hundred Years War

Introduction of new military technologies and tactics, such as the longbow and gunpowder
Diminished dominance of feudal knights and castles, altering the nature of warfare and power structures
Emergence of nationalism in England and France
- Sense of national identity and unity
- Shift in loyalty from feudal lords to national groups

Islam

Context

Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion, believing in the same God as Judaism and Christianity
Shared beliefs and practices with other Abrahamic faiths
- Emphasis on ethical monotheism and prophets
- Sacred texts: Tanakh, Bible, Quran

Early Islamic History Timeline

570 CE: Muhammad was born in Mecca
610 CE: Muhammad received the first message from angel Gabriel in the cave of Hira
610-622 CE: Muhammad preached monotheism and social justice, facing persecution from Meccan authorities
622 CE: Hijra - Muhammad and followers migrated to Medina
622-630 CE: Establishment of the Muslim community, with Muhammad as a religious and political leader
630 CE: Peaceful conquest of Mecca
632 CE: Death of Muhammad in Medina

Beliefs

5 Pillars of Islam: Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj
- Shahadah: profession of faith to one God, Allah, and acceptance of Muhammad as the prophet
- Salah: direct relationship with God through prayer, five times a day, towards Mecca
- Zakat: social responsibility and service to God, 2.5% of total net worth towards the needy
- Sawm: fasting during Ramadan for self-control and spiritual growth
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca for those physically and financially able
Sacred texts: Quran and Hadith
- Quran: holy book of Islam, literal word of God revealed to Muhammad via angel Gabriel
- Hadith: collections of sayings, actions, and approvals by the prophet Muhammad

Split of Islam

Reasons for the split: Sunni and Shia
- Dispute over leadership after Muhammad's death
- Sunni: believed leader should be elected by the Muslim community
- Shia: believed leader should be a blood relative
Caliph: religious and political leader of the community, successor to Muhammad

Spread of Islam

Factors that supported the spread:
- Religious appeal: message of monotheism, social justice, and equality
- Military conquest: conducted military campaigns that expanded the Islamic state
- Political stability: unified political and administrative system under the caliphs
- Economic factors: controlled key trade routes, facilitated trade, travel, and cultural exchange
- Weakness of surrounding empires

Golden Age of Islam

Baghdad: commercial center with luxurious lifestyle
Intellectual advances: translation of books, allowed for education
Translated texts from Greece, India, and others

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Description

This quiz covers the weakening of the Church's influence, corruption, and scandals during the Middle Ages, including the selling of church offices and nepotism. It also touches on the dual papacy and its effects on the Church's unity and authority.