The Concept of Progress
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Questions and Answers

What was the view of progress during Ancient Greece?

  • Progress was defined as a return to traditional values.
  • Progress was viewed as a transition to a better, more advanced state. (correct)
  • Progress was seen as an endless cycle.
  • Progress was linked to technological advancements only.

Which philosopher associated progress with three stages: theological, metaphysical, and positive?

  • Herbert Spencer
  • Auguste Comte (correct)
  • Karl Marx
  • Emile Durkheim

What is a key critique regarding the idea of continuous progress?

  • Urbanization can lead to positive social changes.
  • Modernization has no negative effects.
  • Progress guarantees social equality.
  • Industrialization can result in moral degeneration. (correct)

How did Marx define the driving force behind social change?

<p>Economic structures and class struggles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Nisbet define as a characteristic of progress?

<p>It involves occasional setbacks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the post-developmentalist view, progress is seen as:

<p>A dynamic, evolving process shaped by human action. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of time is defined by events perceived to feel quicker or have deeper significance?

<p>Qualitative Time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the qualitative understanding of time focus on?

<p>The social significance and experiences of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal value might be emphasized differently across cultures regarding progress?

<p>The emphasis on stability and tradition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Western perspective contribute to the concept of progress?

<p>A Euro-centric view linking progress with less developed civilizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher is associated with the idea of social evolution following Darwin's model?

<p>Herbert Spencer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of time does qualitative time focus on?

<p>Perception based on social change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the alternative concept of progress primarily emphasize?

<p>Progress as an unpredictable and evolving process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is commonly critiqued as a consequence of modernization?

<p>Moral degeneration in societies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nisbet’s definition of progress suggests it is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Continuous and irreversible advancement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept challenges the traditional idea of progress by suggesting it can lead to social imbalances?

<p>Post-developmentalist view (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Enlightenment influence the concept of progress?

<p>By linking progress to universal history and stages of development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Western perspective on progress often include?

<p>A Euro-centric view fostering perceptions of superiority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher believed that progress resulted from class struggles in historical materialism?

<p>Karl Marx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does quantitative time measure?

<p>Units of time such as hours and days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ancient Greek view of progress

Early Greek philosophers saw progress as advancement to a better, more sophisticated state.

Middle Ages view of progress

Progress in the Middle Ages was viewed as a gradual improvement in ideas and knowledge.

Comte's stages of progress

Comte described three stages of societal development: theological, metaphysical, and positive (scientific).

Spencer's social evolution

Spencer, influenced by Darwin, saw societal evolution as progressing from simple to complex forms.

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Marx's historical materialism

Marx believed economic structures and class struggles were the driving forces of societal change.

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Defining Progress (Nisbet)

Nisbet's progress is a continuous advancement from a less developed state to a higher civilization, though setbacks are possible.

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20th Century Challenges to Progress

Wars, unemployment, and inequality in the 20th century challenged the idea of continuous progress.

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Post-developmentalist view

Progress is a dynamic, evolving process rather than a fixed end goal.

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Qualitative Time

Qualitative time is how we perceive time based on social changes, not just a measurement of units.

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Social Time's Role

Time is crucial to giving meaning and understanding to social processes.

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Ancient Greek Progress

Ancient Greek philosophers saw progress as moving to a more advanced state.

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Middle Ages Progress

Middle Ages progress was seen as gradual improvement of knowledge and ideas.

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Comte's Stages

Comte proposed three stages of social progress: theological, metaphysical, and positive.

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Spencer's Social Ev.

Spencer saw societies evolving from simple to complex, like Darwin's biology.

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Marx's Historical Mat.

Marx believed economic systems and class struggles drive societal change.

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Defining Progress (Nisbet)

Nisbet saw progress as continuous advancement to a higher civilization, sometimes with setbacks.

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20th Century Progress Challenges

20th century wars, unemployment, and inequality challenged the idea of constant progress.

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Post-Development Progress

Post-development sees progress as a dynamic, evolving process, not a fixed goal.

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Qualitative Time

Qualitative time is how we perceive time based on social events and change, not just units.

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Social Time's Role

Time is essential for interpreting and making meaning of social processes and events.

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