36 Questions
What is the primary function of APCs in the immune system?
To trigger an immune response
Which of the following is a feature of professional APCs?
Constitutive expression of MHC class II molecules
Which cell type internalizes antigens via BCRs?
B cells
What is a key feature of atypical APCs?
Inducible expression of MHC class II molecules
Where do activated DCs localize to?
T cell zones of lymph nodes
What is a limitation of antigen-presenting functions in atypical APCs?
Limited to specific immune environments
What is not supported by evidence in atypical APCs?
Ability to activate naive CD4+ T cells
What is the function of the mucociliary escalator in the body?
To clear pathogens from epithelial surfaces
What is a characteristic of innate immune response?
It is present from birth
Where are the majority of plasma proteins in the complement system produced?
In the liver
What is the function of nasal hairs in the body?
To filter the air we breathe
What is the role of C3 fragments in the complement system?
To stimulate phagocytosis of microorganisms
What is the function of saliva in the body?
To flush out pathogens from the mouth
What is the mechanism by which the complement system helps with phagocytosis?
Opsonization of antigens by complement
What is the result of the binding of antibody to microorganisms in the neutralization mechanism?
Blockage of adhesion to cells and inactivation of toxins
What is the function of the adaptive immune response?
To provide specific, long-term immunity against infection
What is the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in the complement system?
To lyse microorganisms by forming pores in their cell membranes
What is the function of coughing and sneezing in the body?
To clear pathogens from the respiratory tract
What is the function of the complement system in the body?
To help eliminate pathogens from the body
What is the function of agglutination in the complement system?
To form aggregates of antigens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis
What is the purpose of the complement system in the immune response?
To help destroy pathogens and protect damaged or infected areas
What is the primary function of phagocytosis?
To engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria
Which cells are primarily involved in anti-parasite immunity?
Eosinophils and basophils
What is the role of opsonisation in the innate immune response?
To mark foreign particles for phagocytosis
Which cell type is involved in the protection of mucosal surfaces from allergy?
Mast cells and basophils
What is the timing of innate immunity after infection?
Seconds to minutes
Which cell type is involved in the interaction with other cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems?
Dendritic cells
What is the role of epithelial cells in the innate immune response?
To provide a physical barrier against pathogens
What is the primary function of the immune system?
To distinguish 'self' from 'non-self'
What type of cells are classified as B, T, or natural killer cells?
Lymphocytes
What is the role of macrophages in the immune system?
To neutralize foreign molecules
What is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
To activate T cells
What is the origin of cells in the immune system?
From hematopoietic stem cells
Where are the cells of the immune system distributed?
Throughout the body in the blood, lymph, and epithelial and connective tissues
What are the larger lymphoid organs in the immune system?
Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow
What is the function of dendritic cells in the immune system?
To present antigens to T cells
Test your knowledge about the complement system, a group of plasma proteins produced in the liver, and their functions in stimulating phagocytosis and inducing lysis of microorganisms.
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