The Civil War II (1863-1865)
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Questions and Answers

What was a significant consequence of the Battle of Fredericksburg?

  • Great Confederate victory resulting in significant Union losses (correct)
  • Union victory leading to a siege on Richmond
  • Capture of a major Union city by Confederates
  • Strategic retreat of Confederate forces

What characterized the outcome of the Battle of Chancellorsville?

  • Confederates achieved a significant victory despite Jackson's injury (correct)
  • A stalemate leading to no territorial changes
  • Union forces were able to hold their positions
  • Union forces captured Lee's army

What was the main objective during Lee's invasion at the Battle of Gettysburg?

  • To defeat the Army of the Potomac on Northern soil (correct)
  • To secure control of the Mississippi River
  • To capture a vital Union supply line
  • To defend Virginia from Union troops

What was a notable feature of Pickett's Charge during the Battle of Gettysburg?

<p>It involved 15,000 Confederate soldiers attacking the center of the Union line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Fall of Vicksburg?

<p>Complete Union seizure of the Mississippi River (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pivotal role did Ulysses S. Grant assume in March 1864?

<p>Lieutenant General in charge of all Union armies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy did Grant employ during the Overland Campaign?

<p>A war of attrition to weaken Lee's army (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Battle of the Wilderness?

<p>A draw leading to Grant's decision to continue advancing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse?

<p>Draw, but Grant continued to advance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is considered Lee's last victory?

<p>Battle of Cold Harbor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major strategic advantage did the Siege of Petersburg provide?

<p>The only open rail-line between Richmond and the South (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant tactic did Sherman employ during his march through Georgia?

<p>Abandoning his supply lines to move quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of Sherman's March through the South?

<p>Significant destruction of infrastructure and morale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which battle is associated with 100 million dollars in damage to the South?

<p>Sherman's March through Georgia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Sherman's victory at Atlanta play in the 1864 election?

<p>It secured Lincoln's re-election (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects Lincoln's approach in his second inaugural address?

<p>He emphasized equality and justice for all (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which battle did the Union sustain the highest losses in a short time frame?

<p>Battle of Cold Harbor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Overland Campaign?

<p>Grant lost fewer men but Lee suffered more severe percentage losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event during Sherman’s March was aimed at breaking Southern morale?

<p>Fall of Columbia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the strategic significance of the Siege of Petersburg?

<p>It controlled the only rail-line connecting Richmond to the South. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the plan that involved burning much of Atlanta?

<p>Sherman's March (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Lincoln’s opponents advocate for in the Election of 1864?

<p>Negotiated peace and an armistice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable feature of Sherman's tactics during his march?

<p>Destroying rail lines and supplies to disrupt the Confederacy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Battle of Cold Harbor?

<p>It was marked by heavy Union losses in a short time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason Lincoln replaced George McClellan after the Battle of Antietam?

<p>McClellan's failure to advance promptly after a victory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Battle resulted in the most total casualties during the specified phase of the Civil War?

<p>Battle of Gettysburg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what military action did General Jackson suffer wounds from friendly fire?

<p>Battle of Chancellorsville (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the strategic significance of the Fall of Vicksburg?

<p>It allowed the Union to gain complete control of the Mississippi River. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which general was appointed as Lieutenant General by Lincoln in March 1864?

<p>Ulysses S. Grant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Grant's strategy during the 1864 Overland Campaign?

<p>Engaging in a war of attrition against Lee's army (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862?

<p>Confederate victory with heavy Union losses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event did NOT happen as a result of Lee's invasion at Gettysburg?

<p>Lincoln's decision to pursue peace negotiations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Battle of Fredericksburg

A major Civil War battle in December 1862, resulting in a significant Confederate victory and heavy Union losses.

Battle of Chancellorsville

A major Civil War battle in May 1863, ending in a Confederate victory and the death of Stonewall Jackson.

Battle of Gettysburg

A major Civil War battle in July 1863, resulting in a decisive Union victory and turning point of the war.

Fall of Vicksburg

Union forces captured Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 4, 1863, securing the Mississippi River.

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Grant as Lieutenant General

Lincoln appointed Grant as Lieutenant General and overall commander of Union forces in 1864.

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Overland Campaign

Grant's 1864 campaign focusing on weakening Lee's army through attrition.

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Battle of the Wilderness

A major battle in May 1864 that resulted in a draw, but Grant continued his advance despite the losses.

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Pickett's Charge

A failed Confederate assault on the Union center at Gettysburg on July 3, 1863, resulting in heavy Confederate losses.

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Spotsylvania Courthouse Battle Outcome

A draw; Grant continued to advance despite heavy losses.

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Cold Harbor Battle Outcome

A Confederate victory (Lee's last major offensive); resulted in massive Union losses.

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Overland Campaign Impact (Union)

While losing many soldiers, the Union maintained pressure on the Confederates and could replace the lost personnel.

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Siege of Petersburg Importance

Crucial strategic location; last open rail line connecting Richmond to the South.

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Sherman's March Through Georgia Goal

Part of Grant's strategy to weaken the Confederacy while Grant fought Lee in Virginia.

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Atlanta's Fate

Atlanta was burned during the war.

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Sherman's March Through the South

Sherman's army moved across the South's infrastructure and destroying everything useful to the defense effort and morale.

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Appomattox Surrender

Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the American Civil War.

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Burnside's Failure

Ambrose Burnside replaced McClellan as Union commander but suffered a devastating defeat at Fredericksburg, leading to his replacement again.

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Chancellorsville Victory

Lee outmaneuvered Hooker at Chancellorsville, winning a decisive Confederate victory, despite the loss of Stonewall Jackson.

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Gettysburg's Turning Point

The Battle of Gettysburg marked a turning point in the war, ending Lee's invasion of the North and boosting Union morale.

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Vicksburg's Significance

The Union's capture of Vicksburg secured control of the Mississippi River, dividing the Confederacy and weakening its resources.

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Grant's Leadership

Abraham Lincoln appointed Ulysses S. Grant as Lieutenant General, putting him in charge of all Union armies. This signaled a shift in strategy towards relentless attrition.

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War of Attrition

Grant's strategy in the east was to wear down Lee's army through continuous fighting and heavy losses, hoping to break the Confederacy's will to fight.

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Overland Campaign Impact

Grant's Overland Campaign in Virginia, though bloody, maintained pressure on the Confederates and ultimately drove them back towards Richmond.

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Grant's Key Objective

Grant aimed to wear down Lee's army through constant battles, forcing the Confederacy to surrender due to exhaustion.

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Overland Campaign's Outcome

Grant's Overland Campaign was brutal, but the Union's ability to replenish troops gave them the edge, while Lee suffered lasting losses.

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Petersburg's Importance

Petersburg was a vital strategic location, holding the only open rail line connecting Richmond to vital Confederate resources.

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Sherman's Strategy

Sherman aimed to cripple the South's war effort by destroying infrastructure, resources, and morale, while Grant engaged Lee.

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Sherman's March Significance

Sherman's devastating march across Georgia and South Carolina broke the South's morale and weakened their ability to continue fighting.

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Lincoln's Second Inaugural

Lincoln delivered a powerful message of reconciliation and forgiveness in his second inaugural address, aiming to heal a divided nation.

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Appomattox's Outcome

Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865, marked the end of the Civil War and the Confederacy.

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Study Notes

Battle of Fredericksburg

  • Union forces suffered a devastating defeat, marking a major setback for the Union cause.

Battle of Chancellorsville

  • A Confederate victory, characterized by a bold maneuver by Stonewall Jackson.

Lee's Invasion at Gettysburg

  • Lee's main objective was to capture Pennsylvania and force the Union to negotiate peace, potentially ending the war.

Pickett's Charge

  • A failed Confederate assault, characterized by a massive wave of infantry.

Fall of Vicksburg

  • A major Union victory, giving them control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy.

Ulysses S. Grant's Role

  • Grant became the overall commander of the Union army, leading to a more unified and aggressive approach.

Grant's Overland Campaign Strategy

  • "Wilderness Campaign," aimed at wearing down Lee’s army through relentless attacks.

Battle of the Wilderness

  • Characterized by fierce fighting and high casualties, with limited gains for either side.

Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse

  • A bloody battle with high casualties, resulting in a Union victory.

Lee's Last Victory

  • The Battle of Cold Harbor

Siege of Petersburg

  • It gave the Union army a strategic advantage by cutting off the Confederate capital, Richmond.

Sherman's March through Georgia

  • A devastating tactic, known as "total war" , involved burning and destroying Confederate infrastructure and resources.

Consequence of Sherman's March

  • The march played a significant role in undermining Confederate morale and resources.

Battle Associated with $100 Million in Damage

  • Sherman's March through Georgia

Sherman's Victory in Atlanta

  • It significantly helped Lincoln's re-election efforts in 1864.

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

  • Focused on achieving a lasting peace and reunification.

Battle with Highest Union Losses

  • The Battle of Gettysburg

Outcome of the Overland Campaign

  • While costly in terms of casualties, the campaign gradually wore down the Confederate forces.

Sherman's March Targeting Morale

  • The destruction of Atlanta aimed at breaking Southern morale.

Strategic Significance of Petersburg

  • The Siege cut off the Confederate capital of Richmond and significantly weakened the Confederacy.

Plan to Burn Atlanta

  • "Total War," a tactic aimed at crippling Confederate resources.

Lincoln's Opponents in 1864

  • Called for a negotiated peace with the Confederacy.

Sherman's Tactics During His March

  • Utilized "total war" by destroying civilian infrastructure and disrupting the Southern economy.

Characteristics of Cold Harbor

  • A brutal and bloody battle with heavy casualties for both sides.

Lincoln's Reason for Replacing McClellan

  • McClellan's reluctance to aggressively pursue the Confederacy frustrated Lincoln, who sought a commander willing to go on the offensive.

Battle with the Most Casualties

  • The Battle of Gettysburg

General Jackson's Friendly Fire Incident

  • The Battle of Chancellorsville

###Strategic Significance of Vicksburg

  • The fall of Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy in two.

General Appointed as Lieutenant General

  • Ulysses S. Grant

Grant's Strategy in 1864

  • Relentlessly pursue the Confederate Army, targeting their resources and morale.

Outcome of Fredericksburg

  • A decisive Confederate victory with heavy Union losses.

Event that did NOT happen as a result of Lee's invasion at Gettysburg.

  • Lee didn't succeed in capturing Pennsylvania, and the Union was not forced to negotiate peace.

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Lecture 23: The Civil War II PDF

Description

Explore the pivotal events of Phase II of the Civil War from 1863 to April 1865. This quiz covers major battles including Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and the Siege of Vicksburg, highlighting key leaders and strategies. Test your knowledge on how the tide of the war shifted during this crucial period.

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