The Circulatory System

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Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?

Capillaries

Tunica externa

Tunica media (correct)

Tunica intima

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls compared to veins of similar size?

Capillaries

Veins

Venules

Arteries (correct)

What is the primary site of systemic vascular resistance?

Arteries (correct)

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

What substances do endothelial cells secrete that can modulate contraction of smooth muscle cells?

Both vasodilators and vasoconstrictors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of healthy arterial endothelial cells?

Oppose local inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary capabilities of smooth muscle cells within the medial layer of normal muscular arteries?

Contractile and synthetic Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the walls of large arteries when blood pressure is sustained over time?

They become fibrotic Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sustained high arterial pressure causing a progressive increase in vascular radius?

Vascular aneurysm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of elastic fibers in the large arteries?

Maintain diastolic blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Where is blood flow velocity highest in the cardiovascular system?

Arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of slow blood velocity in capillaries?

Promotes vasodilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of laminar flow and high velocity in large arteries?

Increases shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels?

Maintains vessel patency Signup and view all the answers

In turbulent flow, what happens to endothelial shear stress and nitric oxide production?

Endothelial shear stress is reduced, leading to decreased nitric oxide production Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of elevated shear stress on endothelial cells?

Causes endothelial damage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stroke is common from middle cerebral arteries (MCA)?

Posterior stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between flow velocity and shear stress?

Flow velocity is directly related to shear stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hydrostatic pressure on the vessel wall?

Maintains vessel patency Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important function of endothelial cells and smooth muscle layers in blood vessels?

Production of nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction that accompanies atherosclerosis?

Decreased nitric oxide production Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the pulmonary circulation?

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pulmonary circulation is correct?

It carries deoxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

Which system carries metabolic waste products from the tissues to their point of elimination?

Systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system components in circulation?

To defend against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel receives output from the left ventricle and branches into numerous parallel vascular circuits?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the redistribution of blood flow during exercise?

To direct blood to areas with greater metabolic need Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about pressure and vascular resistance in the pulmonary circulation is correct?

They are about five- to ten-fold lower compared to the systemic circuit Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cardiac output is correct?

It varies during exercise and rest Signup and view all the answers

Which organs receive similar blood flow under both exercise and rest conditions?

Brain Signup and view all the answers

The Circulatory System

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric layers of smooth muscle cells?

Which type of blood vessel has the thickest walls compared to veins of similar size?

What is the primary site of systemic vascular resistance?

What substances do endothelial cells secrete that can modulate contraction of smooth muscle cells?

What is the function of healthy arterial endothelial cells?

What are the primary capabilities of smooth muscle cells within the medial layer of normal muscular arteries?

What happens to the walls of large arteries when blood pressure is sustained over time?

What is the result of sustained high arterial pressure causing a progressive increase in vascular radius?

What is the main function of elastic fibers in the large arteries?

Where is blood flow velocity highest in the cardiovascular system?

Which of the following is NOT a function of slow blood velocity in capillaries?

What is the effect of laminar flow and high velocity in large arteries?

What is the role of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels?

In turbulent flow, what happens to endothelial shear stress and nitric oxide production?

What is the effect of elevated shear stress on endothelial cells?

Which type of stroke is common from middle cerebral arteries (MCA)?

What is the relationship between flow velocity and shear stress?

What is the function of hydrostatic pressure on the vessel wall?

What is the most important function of endothelial cells and smooth muscle layers in blood vessels?

What is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction that accompanies atherosclerosis?

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

What is the primary goal of the pulmonary circulation?

Which statement about the pulmonary circulation is correct?

Which system carries metabolic waste products from the tissues to their point of elimination?

What is the role of the immune system components in circulation?

Which vessel receives output from the left ventricle and branches into numerous parallel vascular circuits?

What is the purpose of the redistribution of blood flow during exercise?

Which statement about pressure and vascular resistance in the pulmonary circulation is correct?

Which statement about cardiac output is correct?

Which organs receive similar blood flow under both exercise and rest conditions?

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