The Circulatory System - Chapter 6
53 Questions
101 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are blood types in the ABO system?

  • X
  • A (correct)
  • Y
  • O (correct)

    • What is located in front of the elbow?

    antecubital

    What is the largest artery in the body?

    aorta

    What does arrhythmia refer to?

    <p>irregular heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called?

    <p>arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the upper receiving chambers on each side of the heart called?

    <p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the large vein on the inner side of the antecubital area?

    <p>basilic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are basophils?

    <p>least numerous WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fibrous membrane that overlies the median vein called?

    <p>bicipital aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood pressure?

    <p>pressure exerted by blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the brachial artery located?

    <p>medial anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the buffy coat?

    <p>layer of WBCs and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are capillaries?

    <p>microscopic one-cell-thick vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cardiac cycle refer to?

    <p>one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second-choice antecubital vein for venipuncture?

    <p>cephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coagulation?

    <p>process of blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cross-match testing?

    <p>suitability of mixing donor and recipient blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diastolic pressure?

    <p>pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ECG/EKG stand for?

    <p>electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are eosinophils?

    <p>WBCs that help turn off immune reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are erythrocytes?

    <p>red blood cells (RBCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does erythropoiesis refer to?

    <p>formation of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrin?

    <p>a filamentous protein for clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrinogen?

    <p>protein essential for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrinolysis?

    <p>removal of a blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are formed elements?

    <p>RBCs, WBCs, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemostasis?

    <p>process to stop blood leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hemostatic plug?

    <p>blood clot formed from blood cells and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intrinsic mean?

    <p>originating within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in vitro mean?

    <p>in a test tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in vivo mean?

    <p>in the living body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are leukocytes?

    <p>white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic system?

    <p>system for collecting excess fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lymphocytes?

    <p>second most numerous WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred vein for venipuncture?

    <p>median cubital vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median vein also called?

    <p>intermediate antebrachial vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monocytes?

    <p>largest WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neutrophils?

    <p>most numerous WBC in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasma in the context of blood?

    <p>fluid portion of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the platelet plug formation?

    <p>second response of hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are platelets?

    <p>cellular elements in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulmonary circulation?

    <p>blood pathway to and from lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Rh factor?

    <p>D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is serum?

    <p>clear pale-yellow fluid from clotted blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombin?

    <p>enzyme for clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are thrombocytes?

    <p>medical term for platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica adventitia?

    <p>outer layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica intima?

    <p>inner layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica media?

    <p>middle layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vasoconstriction?

    <p>immediate reaction to blood vessel injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are veins?

    <p>blood vessels that return blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ventricles?

    <p>lower chambers of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is whole blood?

    <p>blood in same form as when circulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Types and Composition

    • ABO blood type system includes four types: A, B, AB, and O, determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B.
    • Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are anuclear and disk-shaped, primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back.
    • White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial for immune response; types include neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

    Cardiovascular Anatomy

    • The aorta is the largest artery, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, originating from the left ventricle.
    • The heart consists of atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower pumping chambers).
    • The median cubital vein is the preferred site for venipuncture, while the brachial artery is the second choice for arterial puncture.

    Blood Vessel Structure

    • Blood vessels have three layers: tunica intima (inner layer), tunica media (middle layer of smooth muscle), and tunica adventitia (outer layer of connective tissue).
    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart.

    Hemostasis and Coagulation

    • Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss, initiated by vasoconstriction, followed by platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
    • Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin via thrombin, forming a blood clot.
    • Fibrinolysis is the mechanism by which clots are removed after healing.

    Blood Pressure and Circulation

    • Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on vessel walls; diastolic pressure refers to the pressure during heart relaxation.
    • Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns it as oxygenated blood.

    Specialized Terms

    • Antecubital refers to the area in front of the elbow, crucial for venipuncture access.
    • Serum is a clear fluid separated from clotted blood, similar to plasma but lacking fibrinogen.
    • In vivo refers to processes occurring within a living organism, while in vitro refers to those taking place outside, often in a laboratory setting.

    Key Cellular Components

    • Platelets, or thrombocytes, play a vital role in clotting and are the smallest formed blood elements.
    • The buffy coat consists of WBCs and platelets, lying between RBCs and plasma in anticoagulated blood.

    Immune Response Elements

    • Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs, accounting for approximately 65% of total count, vital for fighting infections.
    • Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections, identified by bright orange-red-staining granules.
    • Lymphocytes (B and T types) are essential for adaptive immune responses.

    Importance of Blood Testing

    • Cross-match testing ensures compatibility between donor and recipient blood for safe transfusions.
    • Understanding blood and its components is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment within phlebotomy and medical practice.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with this flashcard quiz based on Chapter 6 of Phlebotomy Essentials 7th Edition. The flashcards cover key terms and concepts including blood types, major arteries, and anatomical locations. Perfect for students studying phlebotomy and anatomy.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser