The Circulatory System

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are blood types in the ABO system?

A (correct)

O (correct)

What is located in front of the elbow?

antecubital

What is the largest artery in the body?

aorta

What does arrhythmia refer to?

irregular heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called?

arteries Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper receiving chambers on each side of the heart called?

atria Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the large vein on the inner side of the antecubital area?

basilic vein Signup and view all the answers

What are basophils?

least numerous WBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibrous membrane that overlies the median vein called?

bicipital aponeurosis Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure?

pressure exerted by blood Signup and view all the answers

Where is the brachial artery located?

medial anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the buffy coat?

layer of WBCs and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What are capillaries?

microscopic one-cell-thick vessels Signup and view all the answers

What does the cardiac cycle refer to?

one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the second-choice antecubital vein for venipuncture?

cephalic vein Signup and view all the answers

What is coagulation?

process of blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-match testing?

suitability of mixing donor and recipient blood Signup and view all the answers

What is diastolic pressure?

pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

What does ECG/EKG stand for?

electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

What are eosinophils?

WBCs that help turn off immune reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are erythrocytes?

red blood cells (RBCs) Signup and view all the answers

What does erythropoiesis refer to?

formation of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrin?

a filamentous protein for clot formation Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrinogen?

protein essential for blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrinolysis?

removal of a blood clot Signup and view all the answers

What are formed elements?

RBCs, WBCs, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is hemostasis?

process to stop blood leakage Signup and view all the answers

What is a hemostatic plug?

blood clot formed from blood cells and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What does intrinsic mean?

originating within Signup and view all the answers

What does in vitro mean?

in a test tube Signup and view all the answers

What does in vivo mean?

in the living body Signup and view all the answers

What are leukocytes?

white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the lymphatic system?

system for collecting excess fluid Signup and view all the answers

What are lymphocytes?

second most numerous WBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred vein for venipuncture?

median cubital vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the median vein also called?

intermediate antebrachial vein Signup and view all the answers

What are monocytes?

largest WBCs Signup and view all the answers

What are neutrophils?

most numerous WBC in adults Signup and view all the answers

What is plasma in the context of blood?

fluid portion of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the platelet plug formation?

second response of hemostasis Signup and view all the answers

What are platelets?

cellular elements in blood clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary circulation?

blood pathway to and from lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is Rh factor?

D antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is serum?

clear pale-yellow fluid from clotted blood Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombin?

enzyme for clot formation Signup and view all the answers

What are thrombocytes?

medical term for platelets Signup and view all the answers

What is tunica adventitia?

outer layer of a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is tunica intima?

inner layer of a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is tunica media?

middle layer of a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

What is vasoconstriction?

immediate reaction to blood vessel injury Signup and view all the answers

What are veins?

blood vessels that return blood to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What are ventricles?

lower chambers of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is whole blood?

blood in same form as when circulated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Types and Composition

ABO blood type system includes four types: A, B, AB, and O, determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B.
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are anuclear and disk-shaped, primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back.
White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial for immune response; types include neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Cardiovascular Anatomy

The aorta is the largest artery, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, originating from the left ventricle.
The heart consists of atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower pumping chambers).
The median cubital vein is the preferred site for venipuncture, while the brachial artery is the second choice for arterial puncture.

Blood Vessel Structure

Blood vessels have three layers: tunica intima (inner layer), tunica media (middle layer of smooth muscle), and tunica adventitia (outer layer of connective tissue).
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart.

Hemostasis and Coagulation

Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss, initiated by vasoconstriction, followed by platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin via thrombin, forming a blood clot.
Fibrinolysis is the mechanism by which clots are removed after healing.

Blood Pressure and Circulation

Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on vessel walls; diastolic pressure refers to the pressure during heart relaxation.
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns it as oxygenated blood.

Specialized Terms

Antecubital refers to the area in front of the elbow, crucial for venipuncture access.
Serum is a clear fluid separated from clotted blood, similar to plasma but lacking fibrinogen.
In vivo refers to processes occurring within a living organism, while in vitro refers to those taking place outside, often in a laboratory setting.

Key Cellular Components

Platelets, or thrombocytes, play a vital role in clotting and are the smallest formed blood elements.
The buffy coat consists of WBCs and platelets, lying between RBCs and plasma in anticoagulated blood.

Immune Response Elements

Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs, accounting for approximately 65% of total count, vital for fighting infections.
Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections, identified by bright orange-red-staining granules.
Lymphocytes (B and T types) are essential for adaptive immune responses.

Importance of Blood Testing

Cross-match testing ensures compatibility between donor and recipient blood for safe transfusions.
Understanding blood and its components is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment within phlebotomy and medical practice.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with this flashcard quiz based on Chapter 6 of Phlebotomy Essentials 7th Edition. The flashcards cover key terms and concepts including blood types, major arteries, and anatomical locations. Perfect for students studying phlebotomy and anatomy.

The Circulatory System - Chapter 6