The Circulatory System - Chapter 6
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are blood types in the ABO system?

  • X
  • A (correct)
  • Y
  • O (correct)

    • What is located in front of the elbow?

    antecubital

    What is the largest artery in the body?

    aorta

    What does arrhythmia refer to?

    <p>irregular heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called?

    <p>arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the upper receiving chambers on each side of the heart called?

    <p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the large vein on the inner side of the antecubital area?

    <p>basilic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are basophils?

    <p>least numerous WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fibrous membrane that overlies the median vein called?

    <p>bicipital aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood pressure?

    <p>pressure exerted by blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the brachial artery located?

    <p>medial anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the buffy coat?

    <p>layer of WBCs and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are capillaries?

    <p>microscopic one-cell-thick vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cardiac cycle refer to?

    <p>one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second-choice antecubital vein for venipuncture?

    <p>cephalic vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coagulation?

    <p>process of blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cross-match testing?

    <p>suitability of mixing donor and recipient blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diastolic pressure?

    <p>pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ECG/EKG stand for?

    <p>electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are eosinophils?

    <p>WBCs that help turn off immune reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are erythrocytes?

    <p>red blood cells (RBCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does erythropoiesis refer to?

    <p>formation of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrin?

    <p>a filamentous protein for clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrinogen?

    <p>protein essential for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fibrinolysis?

    <p>removal of a blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are formed elements?

    <p>RBCs, WBCs, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hemostasis?

    <p>process to stop blood leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hemostatic plug?

    <p>blood clot formed from blood cells and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intrinsic mean?

    <p>originating within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in vitro mean?

    <p>in a test tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does in vivo mean?

    <p>in the living body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are leukocytes?

    <p>white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic system?

    <p>system for collecting excess fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lymphocytes?

    <p>second most numerous WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred vein for venipuncture?

    <p>median cubital vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the median vein also called?

    <p>intermediate antebrachial vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monocytes?

    <p>largest WBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neutrophils?

    <p>most numerous WBC in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasma in the context of blood?

    <p>fluid portion of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the platelet plug formation?

    <p>second response of hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are platelets?

    <p>cellular elements in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulmonary circulation?

    <p>blood pathway to and from lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Rh factor?

    <p>D antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is serum?

    <p>clear pale-yellow fluid from clotted blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thrombin?

    <p>enzyme for clot formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are thrombocytes?

    <p>medical term for platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica adventitia?

    <p>outer layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica intima?

    <p>inner layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tunica media?

    <p>middle layer of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is vasoconstriction?

    <p>immediate reaction to blood vessel injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are veins?

    <p>blood vessels that return blood to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ventricles?

    <p>lower chambers of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is whole blood?

    <p>blood in same form as when circulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Types and Composition

    • ABO blood type system includes four types: A, B, AB, and O, determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B.
    • Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are anuclear and disk-shaped, primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back.
    • White blood cells (WBCs) are crucial for immune response; types include neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

    Cardiovascular Anatomy

    • The aorta is the largest artery, about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, originating from the left ventricle.
    • The heart consists of atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower pumping chambers).
    • The median cubital vein is the preferred site for venipuncture, while the brachial artery is the second choice for arterial puncture.

    Blood Vessel Structure

    • Blood vessels have three layers: tunica intima (inner layer), tunica media (middle layer of smooth muscle), and tunica adventitia (outer layer of connective tissue).
    • Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart.

    Hemostasis and Coagulation

    • Hemostasis is the process of stopping blood loss, initiated by vasoconstriction, followed by platelet plug formation, and coagulation.
    • Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin via thrombin, forming a blood clot.
    • Fibrinolysis is the mechanism by which clots are removed after healing.

    Blood Pressure and Circulation

    • Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on vessel walls; diastolic pressure refers to the pressure during heart relaxation.
    • Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns it as oxygenated blood.

    Specialized Terms

    • Antecubital refers to the area in front of the elbow, crucial for venipuncture access.
    • Serum is a clear fluid separated from clotted blood, similar to plasma but lacking fibrinogen.
    • In vivo refers to processes occurring within a living organism, while in vitro refers to those taking place outside, often in a laboratory setting.

    Key Cellular Components

    • Platelets, or thrombocytes, play a vital role in clotting and are the smallest formed blood elements.
    • The buffy coat consists of WBCs and platelets, lying between RBCs and plasma in anticoagulated blood.

    Immune Response Elements

    • Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs, accounting for approximately 65% of total count, vital for fighting infections.
    • Eosinophils increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections, identified by bright orange-red-staining granules.
    • Lymphocytes (B and T types) are essential for adaptive immune responses.

    Importance of Blood Testing

    • Cross-match testing ensures compatibility between donor and recipient blood for safe transfusions.
    • Understanding blood and its components is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment within phlebotomy and medical practice.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the circulatory system with this flashcard quiz based on Chapter 6 of Phlebotomy Essentials 7th Edition. The flashcards cover key terms and concepts including blood types, major arteries, and anatomical locations. Perfect for students studying phlebotomy and anatomy.

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