The Cholinergic System

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Questions and Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations?

  • Neither division
  • Parasympathetic division
  • Sympathetic division (correct)
  • Both divisions

Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls body processes during ordinary situations?

  • Sympathetic division
  • Parasympathetic division (correct)
  • Both divisions
  • Neither division

Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Parasympathetic control of the heart
  • Increasing blood flow (correct)
  • Constriction of the pupil
  • Mediating digestion of food

Which neurotransmitter functions as a neurotransmitter for a variety of neurons, including those of the parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system referred to as?

<p>Parasympathomimetic agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cholinergic receptor has the ability to bind muscarine?

<p>Muscarinic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cholinergic receptor has the ability to bind nicotine?

<p>Nicotinic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds that interact with muscarinic cholinergic receptors known as?

<p>Muscarinic cholinergic agents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mushroom led to the discovery of muscarinic cholinergic receptors?

<p>Amanita muscaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound led to the discovery of acetylcholine?

<p>Tubocurarine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about acetylcholine (ACh) is true?

<p>ACh exhibits poor therapeutic properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why ACh cannot be administered orally?

<p>ACh has a positive charge on the nitrogen atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of muscarinic agonists?

<p>Quaternary ammonium salt with N-alkyl groups larger than a methyl group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ethylene group in muscarinic agonists?

<p>It hydrolyzes at a slower rate than ACh. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atom is crucial for retaining significant ACh-mimetic activity?

<p>Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred substitution for the oxygen atom in muscarinic agonists?

<p>Ester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the SAR for muscarinic agonists is true?

<p>The N-alkyl groups should not exceed the size of a methyl group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbamate analogs in muscarinic agonists?

<p>Increased stability in the presence of gastric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the chain length in muscarinic agonists?

<p>Decreased activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ACh is true?

<p>ACh is a poor therapeutic agent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is NOT used to treat overactive bladder?

<p>mAChR agonist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mAChRs is correct?

<p>mAChRs are coupled to G proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subtypes of mAChRs are coupled with Gq proteins?

<p>M1, M3, M5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subtype of mAChRs?

<p>M6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)?

<p>Delta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)?

<p>Regulate adenylyl cyclase activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acetylcholine (ACh)?

<p>Pentameric structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't choline cross the Blood-Brain barrier but its phosphate counterparts can?

<p>Phosphate groups have better penetration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the strategy in drug design used by our metabolism?

<p>Prodrug strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conformations of acetylcholine (ACh) are the most stable?

<p>Antiperiplanar and gauche (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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