The Cholinergic System
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations?

  • Neither division
  • Parasympathetic division
  • Sympathetic division (correct)
  • Both divisions
  • Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls body processes during ordinary situations?

  • Sympathetic division
  • Parasympathetic division (correct)
  • Both divisions
  • Neither division
  • Which of the following is NOT a function regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

  • Parasympathetic control of the heart
  • Increasing blood flow (correct)
  • Constriction of the pupil
  • Mediating digestion of food
  • Which neurotransmitter functions as a neurotransmitter for a variety of neurons, including those of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compounds that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system referred to as?

    <p>Parasympathomimetic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptor has the ability to bind muscarine?

    <p>Muscarinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholinergic receptor has the ability to bind nicotine?

    <p>Nicotinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compounds that interact with muscarinic cholinergic receptors known as?

    <p>Muscarinic cholinergic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mushroom led to the discovery of muscarinic cholinergic receptors?

    <p>Amanita muscaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound led to the discovery of acetylcholine?

    <p>Tubocurarine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about acetylcholine (ACh) is true?

    <p>ACh exhibits poor therapeutic properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why ACh cannot be administered orally?

    <p>ACh has a positive charge on the nitrogen atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of muscarinic agonists?

    <p>Quaternary ammonium salt with N-alkyl groups larger than a methyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ethylene group in muscarinic agonists?

    <p>It hydrolyzes at a slower rate than ACh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atom is crucial for retaining significant ACh-mimetic activity?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred substitution for the oxygen atom in muscarinic agonists?

    <p>Ester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the SAR for muscarinic agonists is true?

    <p>The N-alkyl groups should not exceed the size of a methyl group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbamate analogs in muscarinic agonists?

    <p>Increased stability in the presence of gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the chain length in muscarinic agonists?

    <p>Decreased activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ACh is true?

    <p>ACh is a poor therapeutic agent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is NOT used to treat overactive bladder?

    <p>mAChR agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mAChRs is correct?

    <p>mAChRs are coupled to G proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtypes of mAChRs are coupled with Gq proteins?

    <p>M1, M3, M5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a subtype of mAChRs?

    <p>M6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a subunit of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)?

    <p>Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)?

    <p>Regulate adenylyl cyclase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acetylcholine (ACh)?

    <p>Pentameric structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't choline cross the Blood-Brain barrier but its phosphate counterparts can?

    <p>Phosphate groups have better penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy in drug design used by our metabolism?

    <p>Prodrug strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conformations of acetylcholine (ACh) are the most stable?

    <p>Antiperiplanar and gauche</p> Signup and view all the answers

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