69 Questions
What is the principle often summarized by the phrase 'like dissolves like'?
Solvents dissolve solutes with similar polarity
What is the primary function of water in plants?
Transporting minerals from the soil and nutrients produced in photosynthesis
What role does water play in animal bodies?
Carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and removing metabolic waste products
What is one way water supports aquatic ecosystems?
By dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide
Why is water integral to many natural and human-made processes?
Because of its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances
What is the boiling point of water at standard pressure?
100°C
Why do water molecules have a high heat of vaporisation?
Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules
What happens to the density of water when it solidifies?
It decreases
Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
Because ice is less dense than liquid water
What is the term for the process of ionic compounds dissolving in water?
Hydration
Why do polar covalent compounds dissolve in water?
Because they have strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules
What is the energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas called?
Heat of vaporisation
Why does water have a large temperature range as a liquid?
Because of the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules
What happens to the molecules in an ionic compound when it dissolves in water?
They separate into ions surrounded by water molecules
Why does water not dissolve non-polar substances well?
Because of the lack of attraction between water molecules and non-polar molecules
What is the shape of a water molecule?
Angular
What type of intermolecular force holds water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the significance of water's high specific heat?
It regulates environmental temperatures
What is the result of water's ability to absorb infra-red radiation?
It acts as a heat reservoir
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in water?
They hold water molecules together
What is the term for the amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree?
Specific heat capacity
What is the result of large bodies of water absorbing significant amounts of heat?
They moderate the Earth's climate
What is the significance of water's high specific heat in biological systems?
It maintains stable temperatures within organisms
What is responsible for the unique properties of water?
The intermolecular forces that hold water molecules together
Why does water have a high specific heat?
Because the hydrogen bonds must be disrupted before the molecules can move more rapidly
What is the significance of water's solvent properties in biological functions?
It facilitates the transport and biochemical reactions of nutrients, gases, and waste products.
What is the result of water's ability to absorb infra-red radiation?
It buffers the Earth's climate
What is the consequence of large bodies of water absorbing significant amounts of heat?
Slow and gradual temperature changes
What is the role of water in the environment?
It enables the distribution of nutrients in soil and supports aquatic ecosystems.
What shape do water molecules have?
Bent or angular
Why is water essential for many natural and human-made processes?
Because it can dissolve a wide range of substances.
What is the principle that explains why water dissolves solutes with similar polarity?
Like dissolves like.
Why is water's high specific heat crucial in biological systems?
It maintains stable temperatures within organisms
What is the significance of water's high specific heat in regulating environmental temperatures?
It moderates temperature fluctuations
What is the result of water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances?
It is integral to many natural and human-made processes.
What is unique about the arrangement of atoms in a water molecule?
The oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms, which also has two lone pairs of electrons
What is the main reason why water remains in the liquid state under most environmental conditions?
Strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules
What is the result of the high heat of vaporization of water?
A significant amount of heat is absorbed from the body, providing a cooling effect
Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
Because ice is less dense than liquid water
What type of substances does water dissolve well?
Ionic and polar substances
What is the significance of the open hexagonal structure of ice?
It takes up more space than the arrangement of molecules in liquid water
Why does water not dissolve non-polar substances well?
Because of the lack of attraction between water molecules and non-polar molecules
What is the significance of the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules?
They require more energy to break, leading to higher phase transition temperatures
What is the result of the significant amount of energy required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules?
Water has a higher heat of vaporization
Why is water an excellent solvent for many ionic and polar substances?
Because of its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds
What is the significance of water's ability to dissolve various substances?
It makes water more essential for life on Earth
What is the underlying reason why water is essential for biochemical reactions in living organisms?
Water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances enables the transport of nutrients and waste products
Which of the following is a consequence of water's ability to dissolve oxygen and carbon dioxide?
It enables the support of aquatic ecosystems
What is the primary reason why water is integral to many natural and human-made processes?
Its polarity enables it to dissolve a wide range of substances
What role does water play in facilitating the distribution of nutrients in soil?
It enables the transport of minerals from the soil to plants
What is the primary reason why water is essential for biological functions?
Its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances enables the transport of nutrients and waste products
What is the primary reason why water molecules have a bent or angular shape?
The presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom
What is the significance of water's high specific heat in regulating environmental temperatures?
It helps to moderate the Earth's climate by storing heat during the day and releasing it slowly at night
What is responsible for the unique properties of water?
The strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules
What is the result of large bodies of water absorbing significant amounts of heat?
The temperature of the surrounding environment remains relatively stable
What is the significance of water's ability to absorb infra-red radiation?
It helps to regulate the Earth's climate by trapping and storing heat energy
What is the term for the amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree?
Specific heat
What is the result of the hydrogen bonds between water molecules being disrupted?
The water molecules start to move more rapidly
What is the significance of water's high specific heat in biological systems?
It helps to maintain stable temperatures within organisms
What is the primary reason why water's melting and boiling points are higher than those of many other molecular compounds of similar size and mass?
Strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
What is the consequence of water's high heat of vaporisation in regulating body temperature?
A cooling effect is provided when sweat evaporates from the skin.
Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
The open hexagonal structure of ice takes up more space than the more closely packed arrangement of molecules in liquid water.
What is the primary reason why water is an excellent solvent for many ionic and polar substances?
The polarity of water molecules allows them to interact with and dissolve various substances.
What is the significance of the strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules in maintaining liquid water on Earth?
They require more energy to break, leading to higher phase transition temperatures.
What is the consequence of water's ability to dissolve a wide range of substances in ecological systems?
It allows for the existence of a wide range of aquatic ecosystems.
What is the primary reason why non-polar substances do not dissolve well in water?
The lack of attraction between water molecules and non-polar molecules.
What is the significance of water's ability to regulate environmental temperatures?
It helps to maintain a stable temperature, supporting various biological and ecological processes.
What is the result of the significant amount of energy required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules?
Water has a high heat of vaporisation.
What is the consequence of water's high heat of vaporisation in environmental systems?
It helps to regulate environmental temperatures, supporting various biological and ecological processes.
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