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Questions and Answers
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
What is the main purpose of obtaining a medical history before a CTA procedure?
What is the main purpose of obtaining a medical history before a CTA procedure?
What is the primary function of the temporal lobes?
What is the primary function of the temporal lobes?
What is the purpose of administering contrast material in a CTA procedure?
What is the purpose of administering contrast material in a CTA procedure?
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What is the recommended position for a patient during a CTA procedure?
What is the recommended position for a patient during a CTA procedure?
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What is an indication for a brain and crannial angiogram?
What is an indication for a brain and crannial angiogram?
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What is an alternative to iodinated contrast agents in CTA?
What is an alternative to iodinated contrast agents in CTA?
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What is the purpose of checking vital signs during a CTA procedure?
What is the purpose of checking vital signs during a CTA procedure?
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Why is it essential to instruct patients not to eat or drink anything several hours before a CTA procedure?
Why is it essential to instruct patients not to eat or drink anything several hours before a CTA procedure?
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What is a preventive measure for individuals with a family history of aneurysms or other vascular abnormalities?
What is a preventive measure for individuals with a family history of aneurysms or other vascular abnormalities?
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Study Notes
Cerebellum
- Located at the back of the head, below the temporal and occipital lobes and above the brainstem
- Has two hemispheres, with neurons in the outer portion and communication with the cerebral cortex in the inner area
Brainstem
Midbrain
- Complex structure with various neuron clusters, neural pathways, and other structures
- Facilitates functions such as hearing, movement, calculating responses, and environmental changes
Pons
- Origin of four of the 12 cranial nerves, enabling activities like tear production, chewing, blinking, and facial expression
- Connects the midbrain and the medulla
Medulla
- Located at the bottom of the brainstem, where the brain meets the spinal cord
- Essential for survival, regulating bodily activities like heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen/carbon dioxide levels
- Produces reflexive activities like sneezing, vomiting, coughing, and swallowing
Spinal Cord
- Extends from the bottom of the medulla and through the bottom of the skull
- Supported by the vertebrae, carries messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body
Brain Hemisphere
Frontal Lobe
- Largest lobe of the brain, located in the front of the head
- Involved in personality characteristics, decision-making, and movement
Parietal Lobe
- Middle part of the brain, helps identify objects and understand spatial relationships
- Involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body
Cerebral Angiogram
- Diagnostic procedure to reveal issues with brain blood vessels
- Performed in an operating room by specially trained healthcare providers
- Also known as digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA)
Venography
- Types include:
- Ascending venography: looks for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Descending venography: checks deep vein valves
- Venography of the upper extremities: looks for blockages or vascular problems
- Venacavography: examines the inferior or superior vena cava
Anatomy of the Brain
- Cerebrum: largest part of the brain, comprising gray matter (cerebral cortex) and white matter at its center
- Initiates and coordinates movement, regulates temperature, and enables speech, judgment, thinking, and reasoning
Patient Preparation
- Medical history (dealing with vessels and clotting)
- Explain procedure (informed consent)
- Vital signs checked (constantly monitoring)
- Contrast media
- Patient NPO and sedate
- Skin prep
- Consent form (informed)
- Assess pulses bilaterally (before the procedure)
Use of Contrast
- Contrast material injected into blood vessels and CT scanning to diagnose and evaluate blood vessel disease
- Tell your doctor about possible pregnancy, recent illnesses, medical conditions, medications, and allergies
- No eating or drinking several hours beforehand
Patient Positioning
- Supine position: face up with head resting on a pad positioner or pillow and neck in a neutral position
- Arms maintained in a neutral thumb-up or supinated position, tucked at sides or abducted to less than 90 degrees on armboards
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Description
Learn about the structure and functions of the cerebellum and brainstem, including the midbrain, neurons, and neural pathways.
