4-L1
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Questions and Answers

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

  • The flow of information from Protein to RNA to DNA
  • The flow of information from RNA to DNA to Protein
  • The flow of information from Protein to DNA to RNA
  • The flow of information from DNA to RNA to Protein (correct)

    • What is the repository of genetic information in most organisms?

  • Amino acids
  • Protein
  • DNA (correct)
  • RNA

    • What is reverse transcription?

  • The synthesis of Protein from an RNA template
  • The synthesis of DNA from an RNA template (correct)
  • The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
  • The synthesis of RNA from a Protein template

    • What is the purpose of reverse transcription in the laboratory?

    <p>To make many copies of a specific genetic sequence for analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gene?

    <p>A segment of DNA that encodes a specific protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a genotype?

    <p>The genetic composition of an individual, particularly the alleles for specific genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alleles?

    <p>Different forms of a single gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a homologous chromosome pair?

    <p>A pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phenotype?

    <p>The physical characteristics of an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique combines reverse transcription and PCR amplification?

    <p>RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is color blindness?

    <p>The inability to distinguish between different colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of color blindness is most common?

    <p>Red-green color blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a nucleotide?

    <p>Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleic acid carries genetic information in all cellular forms of life and some viruses?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleic acid functions as an intermediary in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to protein?

    <p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two chemically distinct types of nucleic acids?

    <p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bases are found in DNA?

    <p>Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle behind the complementary base pairing in DNA?

    <p>If one strand has ACGT, the opposite strand must have TGCA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Chargaff Rule state about the base composition of DNA?

    <p>The amount of adenine equals the amount of guanine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the two strands of DNA arranged in the double helix structure?

    <p>The hydrophilic backbones are on the outside, and the bases are stacked inside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the negative charge on the surface of the DNA helix?

    <p>The phosphate groups have a free -OH group that dissociates a hydrogen ion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the complementary nature of DNA strands explain the process of DNA replication?

    <p>Each strand can be used as a template to reconstruct the base sequence in the opposite strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major structural form of DNA found in cells?

    <p>B-form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the RNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can phosphodiester bonds in RNA be cleaved?

    <p>Hydrolytically by chemicals or enzymatically by ribonucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the A-form and B-form of DNA?

    <p>A-form is right-handed with 11 base pairs per turn, B-form is right-handed with 10 base pairs per turn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Z-form of DNA?

    <p>It is a left-handed double helix with 12 base pairs per turn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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