The Celts in Iron Age Britain

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

The Heptarchy was a form of government of __ kingdoms

The three largest kingdoms in the Heptarchy were Northumbria, Mercia, and __

Wessex

The Vikings were very skilled __ and shipbuilders

sailors

The Vikings built a particular kind of boat called __

longboat Signup and view all the answers

Karvi boats were used for __ reasons

commercial Signup and view all the answers

Dreki boats were __ ships with a dragon or a snake on the bow

war Signup and view all the answers

The Celts were tribes of ______; they gradually settled in Britain between 500 and 100 BC.

warriors Signup and view all the answers

Iron was used because it was ______ and easily available.

cheap Signup and view all the answers

The Celts lived in small villages or in farming communities, but sometimes they built hill ______.

forts Signup and view all the answers

The basic unit of Celtic life was the ______.

clan Signup and view all the answers

Celtic women had more rights and a more equal status to men: they could choose the man they wanted to ______.

marry Signup and view all the answers

Druids were responsible for the ______ of the young.

education Signup and view all the answers

Viking warriors wore helmets with ______

horns Signup and view all the answers

It is not completely true that all Vikings were ______

violent Signup and view all the answers

Vikings didn't just loot, they also ______ down

settled Signup and view all the answers

Women in Viking society had an important role, especially when men were ______

abroad Signup and view all the answers

Contrary to the belief, Vikings took care of their ______

appearance Signup and view all the answers

Edward the Confessor spent a lot of time in Normandy because he was afraid of Viking attacks and promised the English throne to a Norman duke named ______

William Signup and view all the answers

Steven was the last Norman king and Henry II was the first member of a new dynasty, the __________ dynasty

Plantagenet Signup and view all the answers

The name ‘Plantagenet’ came from the word planta genista, which is Latin for ‘yellow broom __________’

flower Signup and view all the answers

Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, is the one who starts the __________ dynasty

Plantagenet Signup and view all the answers

During the arrival of his cavalry Geoffrey fell from his horse and clung to a _________ to save his life

broom Signup and view all the answers

Henry II succeeded the last Norman king, Stephen, and was the first Plantagenet king from _________ to 1189

1154 Signup and view all the answers

Henry II reduced the power of the barons by introducing 'scutage', where knights could pay the king a sum of money in lieu of _________

service Signup and view all the answers

In land disputes, a jury of twelve freemen was appointed to arbitrate, these citizens were important for the town, also known as ______

burgesses Signup and view all the answers

The king aimed to reduce the power of the Church, which had its own court known as the ecclesiastical court and the secular/temporal court, the church court was managed by ______

clerics Signup and view all the answers

Students of the religious university were called clerks and were tried by the ______

church Signup and view all the answers

To control the Church, Henry II wanted to make his friend and chancellor, Thomas Becket, head of the Church in England, but Becket later became an adversary of the king, once appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, their conflict led to the murder of Becket in Canterbury Cathedral on 29 December 1170, Becket was later made a ______

saint Signup and view all the answers

In reaction to Becket's murder, society demanded Henry II to repent, he made a pilgrimage to Canterbury, where a shrine (altar with tomb) was built for Becket, attracting ______

pilgrims Signup and view all the answers

At the end of the 12th century in England, there was a huge campaign to build cathedrals and castles due to the easier transportation of materials from the construction of new roads and bridges, urban growth creating a diversity of labor and artisans, and the increase in ______ income

ecclesiastical Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heptarchy and Anglo-Saxons

The Heptarchy was a form of government in 7 kingdoms, established by the Anglo-Saxons who settled in Great Britain after invading the island.
By the 7th century, the rest of the country was divided into seven main kingdoms, which were frequently at war with each other.
The three largest kingdoms, Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex, became the most powerful by the middle of the 7th century.
The seven kingdoms were: East Anglia (East Angles), Essex (East Saxons), Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex (South Saxons), and Wessex (West Saxons).

Vikings

The Vikings, also known as Danes or Norse, were skilled sailors and shipbuilders from Denmark.
They built longboats, karvi boats, and dreki boats, which enabled them to cross the sea and navigate near the coast.
The name "Viking" comes from the word "Wic," meaning camp or place of settlement.

Plantagenet Dynasty

The name "Plantagenet" comes from the Latin "planta genista," meaning yellow broom flower.
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, started the Plantagenet dynasty, and his son Henry II became the first Plantagenet king of England.
Henry II reduced the power of the barons by introducing professional soldiers and a national law system, known as Common Law.
He established a system for settling land disputes using a jury of twelve freemen.

Henry II and the Church

Henry II wanted to reduce the power of the Church, which was very rich and had its own court.
He made Thomas Becket, his friend and chancellor, head of the Church in England, but their conflict led to Becket's murder in 1170.
Becket was made a saint, and a shrine was built in Canterbury Cathedral, which became a place for pilgrims.

Medieval Buildings

At the end of the 12th century, there was a huge campaign to build cathedrals and castles in England.
This was made possible by the construction of new roads and bridges, urban growth, and increased ecclesiastical income.

The Celts

The Celts came from northwestern Germany and settled in Britain between 500 and 100 BC.
They were warriors, hunters, fishermen, and metal workers who practiced agriculture and introduced the iron plough.
They lived in small villages or hill forts, and their basic unit of life was the clan, led by chieftains.
They worshipped natural elements and had a strong spiritual connection, with women having more rights and equal status to men.

Viking Myths

Viking warriors did not wear horned helmets but rather skullcaps.
Not all Vikings were violent; many were peaceful, and women played an important role in their society.
Vikings did not just loot but settled down, and their women took care of the city when the men were away.
Vikings took care of their appearance and lived in large, bright rooms.
Museums like the Oslo Museum and the York Museum showcase Viking life and burials.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the Celtic tribes who settled in Britain between 500 and 100 BC. Discover their lifestyle as hunters, fishermen, and metalworkers, as well as their agricultural practices and the introduction of the iron plough. Explore their settlements in small villages, farming communities, and hill forts.