Cell Biology Week 2 Lecture
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the defining characteristics of most macromolecules?

  • They require activation by carrier molecules
  • They are made up of carbohydrates and proteins
  • They are composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
  • They are assembled from smaller units called monomers (correct)

    • What type of reaction requires energy from ATP to activate the monomers?

  • Polymerization reaction
  • Dehydration reaction
  • Condensation reaction (correct)
  • Hydrolysis reaction

    • What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?

  • Building macromolecules from smaller monomers
  • Activating monomers with carrier molecules
  • Catalyzing condensation reactions
  • Breaking down macromolecules into simple monomers (correct)

    • What is the composition of mitochondria?

    <p>Lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are monomers usually assembled into polymers?

    <p>By coupling to a carrier molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural unit of life according to the Cell Theory?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atom is mentioned as the fundamental atom in the text?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of microtubules and elements of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can carbon easily bond to in biological molecules according to the text?

    <p>Sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is silicon mentioned as less stable and way too reactive compared to carbon?

    <p>It forms single bonds instead of double or triple bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction releases water in the process of assembling monomers into polymers?

    <p>Condensation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle acts like a recycling center by breaking down macromolecules into simple monomers?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules typically require condensation reactions to assemble them into polymers?

    <p>Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP in the activation of monomers during polymer assembly?

    <p>ATP activates the monomers for condensation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the four classes of macromolecules?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most macromolecules are polymers made up of individual units called monomers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond will Cysteine form with another Cysteine?

    <p>Disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In protein structure, which level refers to the entire protein's overall 3D shape?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of molecular chaperonins in protein folding?

    <p>To provide a private space for new proteins to fold properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibrous proteins?

    <p>To fill structural roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are two chunks of amino acid chains held together in Beta-sheet folding?

    <p>By hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the functionality of a protein according to the text?

    <p>Tertiary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the new protein to fold incorrectly according to the text?

    <p>Interference from other proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Christian Anfinsen conclude about protein folding based on his experiment with ribonuclease?

    <p>The information for correct folding is contained within the amino acid sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteins in the cell?

    <p>Regulating genetic expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general structure of amino acids?

    <p>Carboxyl group, amino group, R-group, a central carbon atom, and a single hydrogen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are nonpolar amino acids with hydrophobic side chains known to associate with each other?

    <p>Via Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do polar, uncharged amino acids do at cellular pH?

    <p>Have a partial charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of amino acids based on?

    <p>The chemistry of the R-group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monomers assemble via (blank) reactions.

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of a condensation reaction?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amino acid monomers are linked via (blank) reactions to form (blank) bonds between units.

    <p>Condensation + Peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An alpha helix, which is secured via hydrogen bonding, is an example of secondary structure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An amino acid with a hydrophobic R-group would likely be displayed on the (blank) of a protein once it is folded into its final 3D shape.

    <p>Interior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All proteins exhibit quaternary level of folding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The order of nucleotides in DNA and RNA does not affect the ability to store and transmit information for the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids in the cell?

    <p>To store and transmit information for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a nucleotide?

    <p>Five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA reside in the cell?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives DNA and RNA the ability to store and transmit information for the cell?

    <p>The sequence or order of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer for DNA?

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity between RNA and protein molecules?

    <p>Both are polymers composed of individual monomer units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An error in the nucleotide sequence of DNA could lead to protein misfolding and possibly a decrease in protein functionality.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molar ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is usually found in carbohydrates?

    <p>1:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix in the name of a substance indicates that it is likely a carbohydrate?

    <p>-ose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between monosaccharides in a disaccharide?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are oligosaccharides typically found when attached to a lipid or a protein?

    <p>Exoplasmic leaflet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Glycogen in animals and humans?

    <p>Store chemical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main polysaccharides?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding beta-pleated sheets?

    <p>Secured via H-bonds between amino and carboxy groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer in a molecule of sucrose?

    <p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All nucleotides have the same nitrogenous base.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide produced by animal cells?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid has a hydrocarbon chain that extends on the SAME side of the double bonds?

    <p>Cis-unsaturated fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural feature of phosphoglycerides that distinguishes them from triglycerides?

    <p>Fatty acid chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid molecule is made from a four-ringed hydrocarbon skeleton?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amphipathic characteristic of phospholipids responsible for?

    <p>Membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fat is solid at room temperature?

    <p>Saturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

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