The Cell Cycle Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the G in G1 and G2 phases stand for?

  • Generation
  • Gap (correct)
  • Glycolysis
  • Growth (correct)

    • What is the primary process that occurs during the S Phase?

  • DNA replication (correct)
  • Protein synthesis
  • Cellular respiration
  • Cell division

    • During which phase does a cell check for proper DNA replication before proceeding to division?

  • G2 Phase (correct)
  • G1 Phase
  • S Phase
  • Mitosis

    • What happens to a cell that fails the G1 Checkpoint?

    <p>It goes into G0 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a cell's lifetime is spent in Interphase?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In G1 phase, what kind of activities does the cell primarily engage in?

    <p>Growth and normal cell functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the S Phase?

    <p>DNA gets synthesized or replicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural change does DNA undergo during mitosis?

    <p>It forms into chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary event that occurs during Anaphase?

    <p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the cleavage furrow form?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the new cells formed after Cytokinesis?

    <p>Daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Telophase?

    <p>A new nuclear membrane forms around DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase directly precedes Anaphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the daughter cells produced from Cytokinesis?

    <p>They are identical to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of stages in the M phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Prophase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state do the daughter cells enter after cytokinesis?

    <p>G1 phase of Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the form of DNA that is coiled and organized for cell division?

    <p>Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects to and moves the chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Spindle Fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phases is characterized by sister chromatids being pulled toward opposite ends of the cell?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the G0 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell enters a resting state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure acts like the waist of a chromosome, connecting the two chromatids?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

    <p>To assess whether the cell can proceed to the next phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do chromosomes take during most of mitosis?

    <p>X-shaped forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?

    <p>To hold the chromatids together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is referred to as 'Prepare' in mitosis?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during cytokinesis?

    <p>The cell splits in half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Cell Cycle

    • The cell cycle is a circular timeline that describes the growth and division of a cell.
    • Approximately 75% of a cell's life is spent in Interphase.
    • Interphase has three phases: G1, S, and G2.
    • G1 Phase (Gap or Growth)
      • The cell is focused on growing, making organelles, performing normal cell functions, and increasing cell size.
      • G1 checkpoint ensures proper cell growth, nutrient availability, growth factors, and checks for DNA damage. Failure to pass the checkpoint results in a resting state called G0.
    • S Phase (Synthesis)
      • DNA replication occurs, doubling the cell's DNA to prepare for cell division.
      • Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total), which are doubled in S phase, resulting in 92 chromosomes.
    • G2 Phase (Gap or Growth)
      • The cell prepares for cell division by producing all the necessary parts.
      • G2 checkpoint ensures adequate cell size and proper DNA replication.
    • M Phase (Mitotic)
      • M phase consists of two stages: mitosis and cytokinesis.
      • Mitosis is the process of dividing the cell's parts and DNA toward the two ends of the cell.
      • Cytokinesis is the splitting of the cell into two identical daughter cells, each with its own copy of DNA.
    • Mitosis has four phases:
      • Prophase: Prepares for the process. The nuclear membrane dissolves, exposing the DNA, which condenses from chromatin into chromosomes for easier movement. The mitotic spindle (centrioles and spindle fibers) is formed.
      • Metaphase: Aligns the chromosomes in the middle of the cell. The chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, with spindle fibers attached to the centromere.
      • Anaphase: Moves the chromatids away from each other. The spindle fibers pull apart sister chromatids toward opposite ends of the cell.
      • Telophase: Forms two new nuclei. A new nuclear membrane forms around each group of DNA. Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin. The organelles are separated on either side of the cell.
    • Cytokinesis: Splits the two sides of the cell into two daughter cells, each with a nucleus and DNA. The pinching point is called the cleavage furrow. These two new cells then enter Interphase, starting with G1.

    Vocabulary

    • Chromatin: Loose and stringy form of DNA.
    • Chromosome: Condensed form of DNA, shaped like an 'X'.
    • Centromere: The middle or "waist" of the chromosome.
    • Chromatid: Each side of the chromosome, also called sister chromatids due to being identical.
    • Centrioles: Structures at either end of the cell where the spindle fibers attach.
    • Spindle Fibers: Structures that connect to and move chromosomes.
    • Checkpoints: Times during the cell cycle where the cell is checked before moving on.
    • G0: A resting state of a cell that will not divide.
    • Cleavage Furrow: The pinching point where daughter cells are separated during cytokinesis.

    Review Questions and Answers

    • In what stage of the cell cycle is the DNA replicated? S Phase
    • Put the stages of mitosis in this example of plant cells in order. What stage is missing? RPQ, Anaphase.
    • DNA normally exists in the form of chromatin, loose and messy. However, when preparing for cell division, the DNA is coiled many times and wrapped around small proteins to organize it. Which term best describes the form of DNA that is neatly coiled and wrapped for processes like mitosis? Chromosome
    • What must occur during S Phase of the cell cycle so that the two resulting daughter cells can be produced during the mitotic phase? The DNA must be replicated.
    • During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromosomes line up in the equator, or middle, of the cell with each pair of chromatids attached at the centromere by spindle fibers? Metaphase
    • During which stage of Mitosis are the sister chromatids pulled away from each other by the spindle fibers, going towards opposite ends of the cell? Anaphase

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    Related Documents

    The Cell Cycle 2020 PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate stages of the cell cycle, including Interphase and its phases: G1, S, and G2. Learn about the critical checkpoints that ensure proper cell growth and DNA replication before division. This quiz will deepen your understanding of cellular processes involved in growth and reproduction.

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