Cell Division and the Cell Cycle Quiz

74 Questions

What is one factor that can reduce the risk of cancer, according to the text?

Avoiding exposure to UV radiation

Which food habit is suggested to reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer?

Including antioxidants and fiber-rich foods in the diet

What is a behavior that can increase the risk of cancer according to the text?

Smoking cigarettes

Which vaccine is recommended to reduce the risk of certain cancers?

HPV vaccine

What is a method suggested for early detection of cancer?

Regular colonoscopies

How can one reduce their exposure to UV radiation according to the text?

Using protective clothing and sunblock

Which lifestyle habit may help in lowering the risk of cancer?

Regularly exercising

What happens during interphase in the cell cycle?

Normal growth and metabolism

Which type of cells exit the cell cycle and go into G0?

Mature muscle cells

What is the purpose of replicating DNA before cell division?

To ensure each new cell has its own copy of DNA

What is the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

To prevent damage to the DNA before entering mitosis

Which signals regulate the progression through the cell cycle?

Signals from nearby cells and endocrine glands

What are the daughter cells produced in mitosis?

Identical to each other and to the original parent cell

Which phase of the cell cycle includes G1, S, and G2?

Interphase

What is the main function of mitosis?

Replace old or dead cells

What is a mutation?

A change in the DNA

How do benign tumors differ from malignant tumors?

Malignant tumors can spread to other locations

What role do tumor suppressor genes play in cancer prevention?

Function as checkpoints during the cell cycle

Which factor increases the risk for certain cancers due to genetic predisposition?

Certain mutations at birth

What is one of the common forms of cancer treatment involving the use of chemicals to inhibit cell division or kill cancer cells?

Chemotherapy

How do cancer cells with mutations in tumor suppressor genes differ from normal cells?

They lack the ability to undergo apoptosis

What causes cancer cells to divide uncontrollably through mitosis?

Mutations in genes involved in cell cycle regulation

How do benign tumors differ from malignant tumors with respect to invasion and spread?

Malignant tumors can spread to new locations but do not invade nearby tissues.

What is the significance of genetic predisposition in cancer incidence?

It predisposes individuals to an increased cancer risk.

Match the following cell cycle phases with their descriptions:

G1 phase = Cell carries out normal growth and metabolism S phase = DNA replication occurs G2 phase = Cell prepares for mitosis Mitosis (M) = Special type of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells

Match the following terms related to cell division with their meanings:

Interphase = Includes G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell carries out its functions Mitosis = Process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells G0 phase = Phase where cells exit the cell cycle and no longer divide Checkpoints = Control points to ensure cell readiness for next stages

Match the following statements about the cell cycle with their correct descriptions:

Cells in G0 phase = Exit the cell cycle and stop dividing Replication of DNA in interphase = Ensures each new cell has its own copy of DNA Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells = Helps in growth and tissue renewal Cell communication importance in cell cycle regulation = Signals from nearby cells dictate whether a cell should divide or not

Match the following terms with their associated actions in the cell cycle:

DNA replication = Occurs during S phase Cell communication signals = Regulate progression through the cell cycle Mitosis preparation = Happens during G2 phase Checkpoints function = Ensure cell is ready to proceed to next stages

Match the following functions in the cell cycle with their corresponding descriptions:

Interphase activities = Normal growth, metabolism, and DNA replication Mitosis purpose = Resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells G0 phase action = Exiting the cell cycle and no longer dividing Checkpoints role = Ensuring DNA integrity and cell readiness for division

Match the following cancer risk reduction strategies with their descriptions:

Wearing protective clothing and using sunblock = Reducing exposure to UV radiation Eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables = Suggested for reducing risk of certain forms of cancer Avoiding foods that may contain carcinogens = Such as charred foods or foods cooked at high temperatures Exercising regularly = Suggested to reduce the risk of cancer

Match the following cancer risk reduction strategies with their recommendations:

Avoiding cigarette smoke and air pollution = Due to presence of carcinogens Being mindful of alcohol consumption = Linked to certain forms of cancer Participating in recommended cancer screening = Includes colonoscopies and mammograms Asking your doctor about vaccines like HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines = To reduce risk of certain pathogen-associated cancers

Match the following strategies for mitigating cancer risks with their practices:

Reducing exposure to UV radiation = By wearing protective clothing and using sunblock Avoiding foods that may contain carcinogens = Such as charred foods or foods cooked at high temperatures Participating in recommended cancer screening = Includes colonoscopies and mammograms Exercising regularly = As a way to reduce the risk of cancer

Match the following dietary recommendations with their potential benefits:

Eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables = May reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer Avoiding foods that may contain carcinogens = Such as charred foods or foods cooked at high temperatures Being mindful of alcohol consumption = Linked to certain forms of cancer Avoiding cigarette smoke and air pollution = Due to presence of carcinogens

Match the following lifestyle habits with their impact on cancer risk:

Participating in recommended cancer screening = May help in early detection for easier treatment Exercising regularly = May reduce the risk of cancer Being mindful of alcohol consumption = Linked to certain forms of cancer Asking your doctor about vaccines like HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines = To reduce risk of certain pathogen-associated cancers

Match the following factors with their impact on the risk of developing cancer:

Spontaneous mutations = Mistakes made by the enzyme involved in DNA replication Chemical carcinogens = Damage the DNA (e.g. asbestos, benzene) Certain pathogens = Disease causing microbes (e.g. HPV) Radiation = High energy waves (e.g. X-rays and UV light)

Match the following cancer treatments with their descriptions:

Surgery = Remove cancerous tissue Chemotherapy = Use chemicals to inhibit cell division or kill cancer cells Radiation = Use radiation to kill cancer cells Prevention = Various factors impacting risk for developing cancer

Match the following mutations associated with cancer with their effects:

Mutations in cell cycle regulation genes = Uncontrolled cell division by mitosis Mutations in DNA repair genes = Inability to repair damaged DNA properly Mutations in tumor suppressor genes = Missing cell cycle 'stop signs' Mutations in normal cell signaling genes = Abnormal cell growth factor responses

Match the following cancer characteristics with their definitions:

Benign tumors = Not cancerous, do not invade other tissues Tumor suppressor gene mutations = Inability to function properly in cell cycle regulation Metastasis = Spread and form new tumors in other body locations Genetic predisposition = Born with certain mutations increasing cancer risk

Match the following cancer growth abilities with their descriptions:

Invasion of nearby tissues = Releasing enzymes degrading extracellular matrix proteins Angiogenesis promotion = Steady nutrient supply for constant cell division Metastasis process = Breaking away and forming new tumors in other body locations Adhesion interference = Enzymes degrading proteins involved in cell adhesion

Match the following DNA mutation causes with their sources:

Spontaneous mutations = Mistakes during DNA replication Chemical carcinogens = Chemicals damaging DNA like asbestos and benzene Certain pathogens = Disease causing microbes like HPV Radiation = High energy waves like X-rays and UV light

Match the following genetic effects on cancer risk with their outcomes:

Genetic predisposition = Increased risk for certain cancers due to born mutations Spontaneous mutations inheritance = Risk factor involving enzyme replication mistakes inheritance Pathogen-related genetic effects = Risk of certain cancers due to disease-causing microbe genetics Radiation-related risks inheritance = Risk factor due to high energy wave exposure inheritance

Match the following cell signaling abnormalities with their effects on cancer cells:

Growth factor overproduction by cancer cells = Produce and respond to their own growth factors Constantly active growth factor receptors = Components of signal transduction pathways always 'on' Normal growth factor responses = Abnormalities in cell signaling pathways Signal transduction pathway mutations = Growth factor receptors always 'on'

Match the items with their impact on cell cycle regulation:

Tumor suppressor gene mutations = Missing cell cycle 'stop signs' DNA repair gene mutations = Inability to repair damaged DNA properly Cell cycle regulation gene mutations = Uncontrolled cell division by mitosis Cell signaling gene mutations = Abnormal cell growth factor responses

Match the items with their impact on tumor characteristics

Benign tumors = Not cancerous, do not invade other tissues. Tumor suppressor gene mutations = Inability to function properly in cell cycle regulation. Metastasis = Spread and form new tumors in other body locations. Genetic predisposition = Born with certain mutations increasing cancer risk.

During interphase, the cell is not carrying out its normal growth and metabolism.

False

Cells like mature muscle cells and neurons continuously go through the cell cycle.

False

Mitosis results in two new cells that are genetically different from each other.

False

Cell communication does not play a role in regulating the progression through the cell cycle.

False

Replicating DNA before cell division ensures that each new cell will have its own copy of the DNA.

True

Growth factors play no role in signaling cells to continue with the cell cycle and divide.

False

The main function of mitosis is to reduce the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell.

False

Cells must go through a sequence of events known as apoptosis to divide successfully.

False

Cells that exit the cell cycle and go into G0 no longer divide.

True

Cell division does not require the replication of DNA.

False

Mitosis is important for growth, repair, and replacing old cells.

True

Benign tumors are always cancerous and disrupt normal body functions.

False

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably due to mutations in genes involved in cell cycle regulation.

True

Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that function as 'go' signals during the cell cycle.

False

Spontaneous mutations occur due to chemical carcinogens.

False

Radiation, such as X-rays and UV light, can cause mutations in DNA.

True

Cancer treatment commonly includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

True

Genetic predisposition does not affect the risk of developing certain cancers.

False

Angiogenesis is a process where tumors promote blood vessel growth for nutrient supply.

True

Cell cycle 'stop signs' are missing in cancer cells due to mutations in tumor suppressor genes.

True

Eating fresh fruits and vegetables can increase the risk of certain forms of cancer.

False

Alcohol consumption is not linked to any forms of cancer.

False

HPV vaccine and Hepatitis B vaccines are not associated with reducing the risk of cancer.

False

Regular exercise has no impact on reducing the risk of cancer.

False

Cancer screening is not recommended as it does not help in early detection and treatment.

False

Genetic predisposition plays a role in cancer incidence.

True

Mitigating cancer risks involves avoiding all types of vaccines.

False

UV radiation exposure can be reduced by wearing protective clothing and using sunblock.

True

Air pollution does not contain any carcinogens.

False

Charred foods and foods cooked at high temperatures do not pose any cancer risk.

False

Study Notes

Cell Division and Cell Cycle

Cells in the body need to divide to replace old or dead cells.
The cell cycle consists of interphase (I), which includes G1, S, and G2, and mitosis (M).
In interphase, the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
Checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next step and that DNA hasn't been damaged.
Cell communication regulates progression through the cell cycle.
Mitosis is a special type of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Mitosis

Mitosis is important for growth, repair, and replacing old or dead cells.
There are multiple stages to mitosis, but they won't be discussed in this class.

Cancer

Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division due to an accumulation of multiple mutations.
Mutations occur in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell signaling, DNA repair, and adhesion.
These mutations allow cells to divide uncontrollably, often forming tumors.

Characteristics of Cancer Cells

Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues, promote angiogenesis, and metastasize.
Cancer cells may have mutations in tumor suppressor genes, leading to a lack of cell cycle "stop signs," DNA repair, and apoptosis.
Cancer cells may interfere with normal cell signaling, producing and responding to their own growth factors.

Causes of Mutations

Spontaneous mutations: mistakes made by the enzyme involved in DNA replication.
Chemical carcinogens: chemicals that damage DNA, such as asbestos, benzene, and acetaldehyde.
Certain pathogens: disease-causing microbes, such as HPV and Helicobacter pylori.
Radiation: high-energy waves, such as X-rays and UV light.
Genetic predisposition: born with certain mutations that increase the risk of certain cancers.

Cancer Treatment and Prevention

Cancer treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
Factors that impact our risk for developing cancer include genetic predisposition, age, and lifestyle choices.
Prevention and mitigation strategies include reducing UV radiation, eating a healthy diet, avoiding carcinogens, exercising regularly, and getting recommended cancer screenings.

Test your knowledge on cell division and the cell cycle, including interphase, G1, S, and G2 phases. Learn about the different events that occur during cell division and how cells go through the process of dividing.

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