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Which of the following stages occurs first in the mitotic phase?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
What stage directly follows metaphase in the mitotic phase?
What is the primary purpose of cell division in the context of growth and development?
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Which phase is generally the shortest part of the cell cycle?
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Which type of reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes?
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Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a period of rest and does not lead directly to cell division?
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What type of cell division is primarily responsible for producing gametes?
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Which of the following best describes the result of sexual reproduction?
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What is the significance of dividing basal skin cells?
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What is the primary outcome of asexual reproduction?
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Which process is primarily used in asexual reproduction to create clones?
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What do most forms of cell division produce?
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During which phase do cells typically decide to divide?
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What is a characteristic of meiosis compared to mitosis?
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What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
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What is the primary function of the S phase in the cell cycle?
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What check is performed during the G2 checkpoint?
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At which phase does the cytoskeleton get dismantled to prepare for mitosis?
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What is the purpose of the cellular processes during the G2 phase?
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What phase of the cell cycle primarily involves DNA synthesis?
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During which phase do cells spend the majority of their life cycle?
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What is the main role of the G2 Phase in the cell cycle?
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Which cells typically do not divide again after maturing?
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What occurs during cytokinesis?
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What is the G0 Phase of the cell cycle?
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During which stage in mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator?
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What is produced during the G1 Phase of the cell cycle?
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What occurs during telophase in mitosis?
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Which type of cell is an example of one that might return to the cell cycle when conditions require?
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Study Notes
The Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle is a series of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides.
- It includes growth and preparation for division (interphase) followed by cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis).
Interphase
- It consists of three phases, G1, S, and G2.
- Interphase makes up 90% of the cell cycle.
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G1 Phase (First Gap)
- The cell increases in size and volume.
- Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and enzymes are produced in preparation for the S and M phases.
- Cellular contents, excluding chromosomes, are duplicated.
- G1 Checkpoint: The cell checks whether it is big enough and whether the environment is good.
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S Phase (Synthesis)
- DNA synthesis occurs.
- All 46 chromosomes are duplicated, creating sister chromatids.
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G2 Phase (Second Gap)
- The cell continues to increase in size and volume.
- Some cell organelles are duplicated.
- The cytoskeleton is dismantled to provide resources for the mitotic spindle.
- The cell prepares for the division phase.
- Energy is replenished.
- Proteins necessary for chromosome manipulation are synthesized.
- The duplicated chromosomes are “double-checked” for errors and repairs are made.
- G2 Checkpoint: The cell checks whether there are any DNA mistakes, if the cell volume is OK and whether the environment is good.
Mitotic Phase
- The mitotic phase includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the spindle fibers form.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, called the metaphase plate.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes reach the poles of the cell. The nuclear envelope reforms and the spindle fibers disappear.
- Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.
G0 Phase
- Some cells exit the active cell cycle and enter a non-dividing state called the G0 phase.
- Liver cells are an example of cells that can be pushed to re-enter the cell cycle when needed.
- Brain, nerve, muscle cells typically do not divide.
- Epithelial, blood, and stem cells typically divide and are constantly replenished.
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Description
Explore the intricate details of the cell cycle, focusing on interphase, which encompasses G1, S, and G2 phases. Understand the processes of cellular growth, DNA synthesis, and the critical checkpoints that ensure proper cell division. This quiz will enhance your grasp of cellular structures and functions during this vital period.
