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Questions and Answers
During DNA replication, about how many mistakes occur for every 10^10 nucleotides?
When does DNA polymerase proofreading take place?
Which of the following is NOT a checkpoint in the cell cycle?
Which mechanism occurs immediately after an incorrect nucleotide has been added to the growing daughter chain?
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What is the function of telomeres in eukaryotes?
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What happens to telomeres as cells divide?
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What is the catalytic site responsible for proofreading in DNA polymerase?
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Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA synthesis?
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What are the three main checkpoints in the cell cycle?
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Which proteins are involved in cell cycle regulation in the presence of growth factors and unfavorable conditions?
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Which enzyme is responsible for the exonucleolytic proofreading in DNA replication?
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What happens to telomeres as cells divide?
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What is the function of telomerase in cell division?
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Which mechanism is responsible for dealing with the shorter DNA fragment on the lagging strand after RNA primer removal?
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Study Notes
DNA Replication and Errors
- Approximately one mistake occurs for every 10^10 nucleotides during DNA replication.
- DNA polymerase proofreading occurs immediately after the addition of a nucleotide, allowing for correction.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- G1, G2, and M checkpoints are the three main checkpoints in the cell cycle.
- A specific option noted is NOT a checkpoint in the standard cell cycle framework.
Correction Mechanisms
- The mechanism that occurs after an incorrect nucleotide is added involves DNA polymerase's exonucleolytic activity, which excises the erroneous nucleotide.
- Exonucleolytic proofreading by DNA polymerase is responsible for correcting mistakes.
Telomeres
- Telomeres protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and prevent degradation; their function is vital for maintaining genetic stability.
- As cells divide, telomeres shorten progressively due to incomplete DNA replication.
Role of Telomerase
- Telomerase extends telomeres in certain cells, counteracting the shortening effect during cell division.
Lagging Strand Synthesis
- After RNA primer removal, the DNA ligase mechanism fills in the gaps left by the primer, ensuring continuity on the lagging strand.
Cell Cycle Regulation
- Proteins involved in cell cycle regulation adapt to the presence of growth factors and respond to unfavorable conditions, ensuring proper control of cell division.
DNA Synthesis Phase
- The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is responsible for the replication of DNA, preparing the cell for division.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cell cycle and DNA synthesis in this physiology quiz. Explore topics such as cell cycle regulation, checkpoints, and the phases of the cell cycle.
