Mastering A&P Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place?

Interphase

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________.

Chromatids

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell?

Metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What builds new strands of DNA?

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What best describes strand characteristics as it relates to DNA replication?

The leading strand is built continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces. Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the original or parental DNA strand?

T Signup and view all the answers

Which protein joins together the Okazaki fragments of DNA in the lagging strand?

DNA ligase Signup and view all the answers

DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.

False Signup and view all the answers

List in correct order the phases of interphase.

G1, S, G2 Signup and view all the answers

List in correct order the phases of mitosis.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

synthesis, s phase of interphase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?

prophase Signup and view all the answers

A primary active transport process is one in which __________.

molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP Signup and view all the answers

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____.

facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____.

facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____.

primary active transport Signup and view all the answers

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____.

exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

DNA replication occurs during interphase, ensuring daughter cells receive complete genetic material.
When DNA is replicated, two identical helices called sister chromatids are formed.
During metaphase, sister chromatids align at the cell's center, affected by spindle microtubules pulling them from both poles.
In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart as centromeres split, resulting in individual chromosomes.
Telophase sees the reformation of nuclear envelopes and nucleoli as chromosomes stop moving; the cell eventually divides through cytokinesis.
In prophase, the first stage of mitosis, sister chromatids condense and both the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear.

DNA Replication

DNA polymerase is crucial in synthesizing new DNA strands.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is created in segments known as Okazaki fragments.
During replication, adenine (A) pairs exclusively with thymine (T).
DNA ligase connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to form a continuous strand.
A false statement regarding DNA replication is that DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.

Interphase and Mitosis Phases

Interphase consists of three phases: G1 (growth), S (synthesis), G2 (preparation).
Mitosis is organized into four sequential phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Membrane Transport

Primary active transport involves molecules moving through transport proteins activated by ATP.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport process using transport proteins without ATP.
Most water molecules cross plasma membranes by osmosis through a mechanism similar to facilitated diffusion.
The sodium-potassium pump operates through primary active transport, using ATP to transport sodium and potassium ions.
Exocytosis describes the process where a vesicle merges with the plasma membrane, releasing its contents outside the cell, literally meaning "out of the cell."

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Test your knowledge on the cell cycle phases with these flashcards from Chapter 3 of Mastering A&P. Understand key concepts such as DNA duplication and the formation of sister chromatids during interphase. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their learning in anatomy and physiology.