The Cardiovascular System (Anatomy)

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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscles are found in the walls of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?

  • Skeletal muscles
  • Cardiac muscles
  • Striated muscles
  • Smooth muscles (correct)

What is the function of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

  • Supply blood to the rest of the body
  • Exchange nutrients and waste
  • Drain excess fluid
  • Pump blood (correct)

Which system in the cardiovascular system contains lymph?

  • Lymphatic system (correct)
  • Blood vascular system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Connective tissue system

What is the function of the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Exchange nutrients and waste with tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many circuits are there in the blood vascular systems?

<p>2 circuits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit of the blood vascular systems is responsible for oxygenating the blood?

<p>Pulmonary circuit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arteries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Supply blood to the rest of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are major arteries situated according to their function in the cardiovascular system?

<p>To avoid damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of capillaries surround blood capillaries and drain excess fluid in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Lymphatic capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do the pulmonary and systemic circuits work in parallel or in series in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Series (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pathway for drainage of blood towards the heart?

<p>Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardial fluid?

<p>To lubricate the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus?

<p>Right atrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myocardium?

<p>To generate force to pump blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart wall is composed of simple squamous epithelium and forms a barrier between blood and the vascular wall of the cardiovascular system?

<p>Endocardium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do arteries and veins have different physiological structures?

<p>Due to the difference in pressure of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exchange network of capillaries?

<p>To exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste between blood and surrounding interstitial fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the lymphatics in the cardiovascular system?

<p>To drain excess fluid that has escaped the blood vascular system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls compared to the right ventricle?

<p>To push blood around the systemic circuit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fibrous pericardium?

<p>To provide strength and protection to the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity?

<p>The heart is tilted posteriorly and the apex pushes against the anterior chest wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericardium in the cardiovascular system?

<p>To support the endothelial cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the layers of the heart wall in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The endocardium is the innermost layer and is composed of simple squamous epithelium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the chambers of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The left ventricle needs to generate large force to push blood through the systemic circuit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the fibrous pericardium in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer of the pericardium and surrounds the serous pericardium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The cardiovascular system is made up of a series of organs.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Epithelial cells form barriers between blood and the walls of the vascular system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Muscle tissue in the cardiovascular system consists of only cardiac muscles in the heart.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The heart functions as a pump in the cardiovascular system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Arteries transport blood away from the heart.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system that later reunites with the blood vascular system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The pulmonary and systemic circuits work in parallel in the cardiovascular system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Major arteries are situated according to their function to avoid damage.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Capillaries in the cardiovascular system exchange nutrients and waste with tissues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The blood vascular system is a closed supply and drainage system containing blood.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Arteries change their name at each major branch.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The cross-sectional area of veins is at least twice as wide as arteries.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity is rotated to the right.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The right atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary arteries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The epicardium is the innermost layer of the heart wall.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer of the pericardium.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The lymphatics in the cardiovascular system prevent blood capillaries from swelling up.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The exchange network in the cardiovascular system consists of only continuous capillaries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The superficial veins in the cardiovascular system are located deep in position.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Arteries change their name at each major branch.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The cardiovascular system is made up of connective tissues and cells such as epithelial and muscle cells?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Epithelial cells in the cardiovascular system form barriers between blood and the walls of the vascular system to prevent coagulating and clotting of blood inside blood vessels?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Muscle tissue in the cardiovascular system consists of only cardiac muscles in the heart and smooth muscles in the blood vessel walls?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The major arteries in the cardiovascular system are situated according to their function to avoid damage?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries change their name at each major ______

<p>branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exchange network = ______

<p>capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries present with varying degrees of permeability (leakiness) for exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases and wastes between blood and surrounding ______ fluid

<p>interstitial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteries and veins have different physiological structures due to the difference in ______ of blood

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

To compensate for the difference in pressure, cross-sectional area of veins is at least __________ as wide of arteries to shift the same volume of blood per time.

<p>twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, flanked laterally by the left and right pleural cavities, anterior portion of the ___________.

<p>mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The right atrium receives deO2 blood from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, ______ sinus

<p>coronary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Endocardium is the innermost ______ of the heart wall

<p>layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both ventricles pump the same volume of blood per second but at different ______

<p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pericardium is a closed ______ membrane

<p>serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epithelia form barriers between ______ and the walls of the vascular system to prevent coagulating and clotting of blood inside blood vessels.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle consists of cardiac muscles (only in ______) and smooth muscles (in the blood vessel walls)

<p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heart - ______

<p>pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supply - ______

<p>arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veins/lymphatics - ______

<p>drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillaries - ______ with tissues (+ nutrients, - waste)

<p>exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood vascular system - closed supply and drainage system containing ______

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphatic (vascular) system - open-entry drainage system containing ______

<p>lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pulmonary and systemic circuit work in ______ not parallel.

<p>series</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericardium in the cardiovascular system?

<p>To generate force to pump blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To compensate for the difference in pressure, the cross-sectional area of veins is at least ______ as wide as arteries to shift the same volume of blood per time.

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the lymphatic system in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The lymphatic system is an open-entry drainage system containing lymph. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the pulmonary circuit in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The pulmonary circuit consists of the right heart and is responsible for oxygenating blood at gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the systemic circuit in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The systemic circuit consists of the left heart and is responsible for oxygenating blood at gas exchange surfaces of the rest of the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the supply side in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The supply side consists of arteries and is responsible for supply. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the major arteries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Major arteries are situated according to their function to avoid damage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>Capillaries present with varying degrees of permeability for exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between blood and surrounding tissue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the orientation of the heart in the thoracic cavity?

<p>The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, flanked laterally by the left and right pleural cavities, anterior portion of the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of autonomic nerves in the coordination of heart contraction and atrioventricular valve action?

<p>They alter the rate of conduction impulse generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of conduction cells in the heart?

<p>They are involved in electrical conduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels supply oxygenated blood directly to the myocardium?

<p>Coronary arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right coronary artery run along in the heart?

<p>The groove between the right atrium and ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the anterior surface of the heart and the intraventricular septum?

<p>Anterior interventricular artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain areas supplied by the right coronary artery?

<p>Small cardiac vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain areas supplied by the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery?

<p>Great cardiac vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the coronary sinus drain deoxygenated blood into?

<p>Right atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart contains more myocardium?

<p>Ventricles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sympathetic tone in heart rate?

<p>It increases heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the function of the atrioventricular valves in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They prevent blood from returning to the atria during ventricular contraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the main function of the semilunar valves in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They prevent blood from returning to the ventricles during diastole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the papillary muscles in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They contract during systole to hold the cusps of the valves and control their closing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the chordae tendineae in the cardiovascular system?

<p>During systole, they are tense and prevent the cusps of the valves from swinging into the atria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about cardiac muscle in the cardiovascular system?

<p>It is exclusively located in the heart and does not exist in any other part of the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about gap junctions (intercalated disks) in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They allow for electrochemical communication via cytoplasmic contact. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the conduction system of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

<p>It greatly increases the efficiency of the heart pumping. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the function of the capillaries in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the lymphatics in the cardiovascular system?

<p>They prevent blood capillaries from swelling up. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct statement about the layers of the heart wall in the cardiovascular system?

<p>The myocardium is the middle layer and consists of cardiac muscle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Autonomic nerves alter the rate of heart contraction and atrioventricular valve action.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Parasympathetic tone increases heart rate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conduction pathways in the heart are made of nervous tissue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Conduction cells in the heart are involved with electrical conduction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The left coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The great cardiac vein drains deoxygenated blood into the coronary sinus.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The myocardium contains more myocardium in the ventricles than in the atria.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The left coronary artery branches into another artery which circumflexes around the left lateral margin of the heart.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The small cardiac vein drains areas supplied by the left coronary artery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The coronary sinus opens into the left atrium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: There are 4 valves in the heart, 2 semilunar valves, and 2 atrioventricular valves?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The atrioventricular valves prevent blood from returning to the atria during ventricular contraction?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The tricuspid valve is the right atrioventricular valve?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The mitral valve is the left atrioventricular valve?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The semilunar valves prevent blood from returning to the ventricles during filling?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The pulmonary valve is the right semilunar valve?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The aortic valve is the left semilunar valve?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The papillary muscles are one of the first parts of the ventricle to contract during systole?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The chordae tendineae tense during systole to control the closing of the valves?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cardiac muscle cells heavily rely on oxygen-dependent aerobic metabolism for contraction?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During diastole, the AV valves ______ and blood flows from atria into ventricles

<p>open</p> Signup and view all the answers

During systole, the AV valves are 'pushed' shut by the raised pressure in the ventricle and blood flows ______ of the heart.

<p>out</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of the semilunar valves is to prevent blood from ______ to the ventricles during filling (diastole)

<p>returning</p> Signup and view all the answers

The right semilunar valve is also known as the ______ valve

<p>pulmonary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left semilunar valve is also known as the ______ valve

<p>aortic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The papillary muscles tense the pretension cables to hold the cusps and control the closing of the valves when the pressure ______ in the ventricles

<p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chordae tendineae are strong tendinous strands that become ______ during diastole

<p>loose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle displays features of both smooth and skeletal muscle as well as cardiac muscle ______

<p>specialisations</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cells of cardiac muscle are interconnected with neighboring cells via ______ disks

<p>intercalated</p> Signup and view all the answers

The conduction system of the heart greatly increases the efficiency of the heart ______

<p>pumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduction cells are involved with electrical ______

<p>conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The myocardium is present in the ______ and ventricles

<p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxygenated blood is directly supplied to the myocardium from the ascending ______ via the left and right coronary arteries

<p>aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

The right coronary artery supplies the right ______ and ventricle

<p>atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left coronary artery supplies the ________ surface of the heart AND the groove between left atrium and left ventricle

<p>anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

The great cardiac vein drains areas that were supplied by anterior ______ artery and circumflex artery

<p>interventricular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both small cardiac vein and great cardiac vein drain ______ blood into the coronary sinus

<p>deoxygenated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduction cells have many ______ and large store of glycogen

<p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

The left coronary artery runs over the intraventricular ______

<p>septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sympathetic tone increases when excited - heart beats ______

<p>faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cardiovascular system function

To pump blood throughout the body, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.

Smooth Muscles

Found in blood vessel walls, helping regulate blood flow.

Heart's pump function

The heart's role is to circulate blood throughout the body.

Lymphatic system & cardiovascular system

The lymphatic system works with the cardiovascular system to drain excess fluid and for immune functions.

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Capillary function

Capillaries exchange nutrients, gases, and waste products with tissues.

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Pulmonary circuit

Oxygenates blood.

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Systemic circuit

Circulates blood throughout the body after oxygenation.

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Right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

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Myocardium

Heart muscle; responsible for contractions pumping blood.

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Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart wall; simple squamous epithelium.

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Artery structure vs vein structure

Arteries withstand higher blood pressure, and veins have thinner walls.

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Pericardial fluid

Reduces friction between the heart and surrounding tissues during contractions.

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Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart.

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Capillaries

Network for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange.

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Lymphatics

One-way drainage system toward the blood vascular system.

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Pulmonary and systemic circuits

Work together in series for complete blood circulation.

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Major arteries location

Strategically placed for optimal function and reduced damage risk.

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Blood capillary

A network of extremely small blood vessels enabling exchange with tissues.

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Left ventricle

Thicker-walled chamber that pumps blood to the entire body.

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Fibrous pericardium

Outer layer of the pericardium; protective layer for the heart.

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Cardiovascular system components

Made up of connective tissues, epithelial cells, and muscle cells.

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Epithelial cells in blood vessels

Form barriers for preventing coagulation and blood clotting.

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular System

  • Smooth muscles are found in the walls of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system
  • The heart's function in the cardiovascular system is to pump blood throughout the body
  • The lymphatic system contains lymph in the cardiovascular system
  • Capillaries exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes with tissues in the cardiovascular system
  • There are two circuits in the blood vascular system: pulmonary and systemic
  • The pulmonary circuit oxygenates the blood in the cardiovascular system

Heart Structure

  • The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
  • The function of the myocardium is to contract and pump blood throughout the body
  • The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart wall, composed of simple squamous epithelium
  • Arteries and veins have different physiological structures due to differences in blood pressure
  • The purpose of the pericardial fluid is to reduce friction between the heart and surrounding tissues

Blood Vessels

  • Arteries transport blood away from the heart in the cardiovascular system
  • The exchange network of capillaries allows for the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes with tissues
  • Lymphatics in the cardiovascular system provide a one-way drainage system that reunites with the blood vascular system
  • The pulmonary and systemic circuits work in series in the cardiovascular system
  • Major arteries are situated according to their function to avoid damage
  • Capillaries surround blood capillaries and drain excess fluid in the cardiovascular system

Heart Function

  • The heart functions as a pump in the cardiovascular system
  • The left ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right ventricle due to the higher pressure required to pump blood to the entire body
  • The fibrous pericardium is the outermost layer of the pericardium, providing protection and support to the heart
  • The cardiovascular system is made up of connective tissues and cells such as epithelial and muscle cells
  • Epithelial cells form barriers between blood and the walls of the vascular system to prevent coagulating and clotting of blood inside blood vessels

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