The Circulatory System and Heart Function Quiz

Study Notes

The circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels, often referred to as the cardiovascular system.
The heart is primarily a pump that transports blood through the blood vessels. It has two main chambers, each with two sections.
The heart's main function is to transport oxygen-deprived blood from the body to the lungs for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release, and oxygen-rich blood back to the body.
The right side of the heart receives oxygen-deprived blood and pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery and veins.
The left side of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body via the aorta.
The heart is surrounded by a double-walled protective sac called the pericardium.
The heart consists of three layers: an outer fibrous layer, a middle muscular layer (the myocardium), and an inner layer called the endocardium.
The heartbeats are initiated by the sinoatrial node, which then stimulates the atrioventricular node, leading to ventricular contraction.
The blood vessels transport not only oxygen and carbon dioxide but also nutrients and waste products between the body's organs.
The main veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, while the arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
The blood pressure is maintained by the contracting and relaxing of the heart and the walls of the blood vessels.
The blood vessels consist of three main types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, and capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and gases between the blood and tissues.
The heart and blood vessels work together to transport nutrients and oxygen to cells and remove waste products.