ARTERIAL SYSTEM
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Questions and Answers

What are three components of the CV system?

  • Transport medium
  • Pump (heart)
  • Conduit
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Where is vascular resistance the greatest?

  • Large systemic venules
  • Arterioles (correct)
  • Capillaries
  • Veins

    • What is the greatest drop in mean pressure in the cardiovascular system?

  • Arterioles (correct)
  • Veins
  • Large systemic arteries
  • Capillaries

    • Which component of the nervous system controls resistance at the level of the arterioles?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is blood velocity the lowest in the capillaries?

    <p>Due to the total cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systolic pressure?

    <p>Maximum pressure in the large systemic arteries during a cardiac cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines diastolic pressure?

    <p>Volume of blood present in the arterial system at the end of diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulse pressure?

    <p>Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?

    <p>Average pressure in the large arteries computed over a cardiac cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines mean arterial blood pressure?

    <p>Cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors determines systolic pressure?

    <p>The volume of blood in the arterial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diastolic pressure?

    <p>The minimum pressure in the large systemic arteries achieved during diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pulse pressure?

    <p>The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?

    <p>The average pressure in the large systemic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does mean blood pressure rise during exercise?

    <p>Because cardiac output (CO) increases proportionately more than total peripheral resistance (TPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mean blood pressure elevated in people with essential hypertension?

    <p>Because they have high total peripheral resistance (TPR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance (C)?

    <p>C = (∆V) / (∆P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the reciprocal of compliance (C)?

    <p>C-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels have high compliance?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessels have lower compliance?

    <p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance in arteries (Ca)?

    <p>Ca = 250 ml/100 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial compliance with age?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of stiffness in blood vessels?

    <p>C-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio used to calculate compliance?

    <p>Change in volume (∆V) over change in pressure (∆P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for a blood vessel to have high compliance?

    <p>It expands easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cardiovascular system plays a vital role in accepting the Stroke Volume without allowing arterial pressure to increase excessively?

    <p>The aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?

    <p>Reflection of pressure pulse waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pulse pressure as the arterial pressure pulse propagates distally along the arterial tree?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mean blood pressure (MBP) during aortic insufficiency?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pulse pressure during aortic stenosis?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial compliance with age?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure with age?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial compliance in individuals with systemic hypertension?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV) in individuals with A-V fistula?

    <p>Both EDV and SV increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with arteriosclerosis?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between compliance and arterial pressure?

    <p>Lower compliance leads to higher arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the pulse pressure in the arterial system?

    <p>The net increase in arterial volume during ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure when stroke volume increases?

    <p>Pulse pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between stroke volume and mean blood pressure (MBP)?

    <p>Increases in stroke volume increase MBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?

    <p>Reflection of pressure pulse waves from the distal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with aortic insufficiency?

    <p>Pulse pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with systemic hypertension?

    <p>Pulse pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with A-V fistula?

    <p>Pulse pressure increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to arterial compliance with arteriosclerosis?

    <p>Arterial compliance decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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