44 Questions
What are three components of the CV system?
All of the above
Where is vascular resistance the greatest?
Arterioles
What is the greatest drop in mean pressure in the cardiovascular system?
Arterioles
Which component of the nervous system controls resistance at the level of the arterioles?
Sympathetic nervous system
Why is blood velocity the lowest in the capillaries?
Due to the total cross-sectional area
What is systolic pressure?
Maximum pressure in the large systemic arteries during a cardiac cycle
What determines diastolic pressure?
Volume of blood present in the arterial system at the end of diastole
What is pulse pressure?
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?
Average pressure in the large arteries computed over a cardiac cycle
What determines mean arterial blood pressure?
Cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Which of the following factors determines systolic pressure?
The volume of blood in the arterial system
What is diastolic pressure?
The minimum pressure in the large systemic arteries achieved during diastole
What is pulse pressure?
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?
The average pressure in the large systemic arteries
Why does mean blood pressure rise during exercise?
Because cardiac output (CO) increases proportionately more than total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Why is mean blood pressure elevated in people with essential hypertension?
Because they have high total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance (C)?
C = (∆V) / (∆P)
Which of the following is the reciprocal of compliance (C)?
C-1
Which type of blood vessels have high compliance?
Veins
Which type of blood vessels have lower compliance?
Arteries
Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance in arteries (Ca)?
Ca = 250 ml/100 mmHg
What happens to arterial compliance with age?
It decreases
What is the measure of stiffness in blood vessels?
C-1
What is the ratio used to calculate compliance?
Change in volume (∆V) over change in pressure (∆P)
What does it mean for a blood vessel to have high compliance?
It expands easily
Which component of the cardiovascular system plays a vital role in accepting the Stroke Volume without allowing arterial pressure to increase excessively?
The aorta
What is the primary cause of the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?
Reflection of pressure pulse waves
What happens to the pulse pressure as the arterial pressure pulse propagates distally along the arterial tree?
Increases
What happens to the mean blood pressure (MBP) during aortic insufficiency?
It decreases
What happens to the pulse pressure during aortic stenosis?
It decreases
What happens to arterial compliance with age?
It decreases
What happens to pulse pressure with age?
It increases
What happens to arterial compliance in individuals with systemic hypertension?
It decreases
What happens to end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV) in individuals with A-V fistula?
Both EDV and SV increase
What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with arteriosclerosis?
It increases
What is the relationship between compliance and arterial pressure?
Lower compliance leads to higher arterial pressure
What determines the pulse pressure in the arterial system?
The net increase in arterial volume during ejection
What happens to pulse pressure when stroke volume increases?
Pulse pressure increases
What is the relationship between stroke volume and mean blood pressure (MBP)?
Increases in stroke volume increase MBP
What causes the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?
Reflection of pressure pulse waves from the distal arteries
What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with aortic insufficiency?
Pulse pressure increases
What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with systemic hypertension?
Pulse pressure increases
What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with A-V fistula?
Pulse pressure increases
What happens to arterial compliance with arteriosclerosis?
Arterial compliance decreases
Test your knowledge on the components and functions of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Explore topics such as vascular resistance, pressure differences, and the role of the nervous system in controlling resistance.
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