ARTERIAL SYSTEM

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Questions and Answers

What are three components of the CV system?

  • Transport medium
  • Pump (heart)
  • Conduit
  • All of the above (correct)

Where is vascular resistance the greatest?

  • Large systemic venules
  • Arterioles (correct)
  • Capillaries
  • Veins

What is the greatest drop in mean pressure in the cardiovascular system?

  • Arterioles (correct)
  • Veins
  • Large systemic arteries
  • Capillaries

Which component of the nervous system controls resistance at the level of the arterioles?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is blood velocity the lowest in the capillaries?

<p>Due to the total cross-sectional area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is systolic pressure?

<p>Maximum pressure in the large systemic arteries during a cardiac cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines diastolic pressure?

<p>Volume of blood present in the arterial system at the end of diastole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse pressure?

<p>Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?

<p>Average pressure in the large arteries computed over a cardiac cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines mean arterial blood pressure?

<p>Cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors determines systolic pressure?

<p>The volume of blood in the arterial system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diastolic pressure?

<p>The minimum pressure in the large systemic arteries achieved during diastole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse pressure?

<p>The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mean blood pressure (MBP)?

<p>The average pressure in the large systemic arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does mean blood pressure rise during exercise?

<p>Because cardiac output (CO) increases proportionately more than total peripheral resistance (TPR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is mean blood pressure elevated in people with essential hypertension?

<p>Because they have high total peripheral resistance (TPR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance (C)?

<p>C = (∆V) / (∆P) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the reciprocal of compliance (C)?

<p>C-1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessels have high compliance?

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessels have lower compliance?

<p>Arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for compliance in arteries (Ca)?

<p>Ca = 250 ml/100 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial compliance with age?

<p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of stiffness in blood vessels?

<p>C-1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio used to calculate compliance?

<p>Change in volume (∆V) over change in pressure (∆P) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a blood vessel to have high compliance?

<p>It expands easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cardiovascular system plays a vital role in accepting the Stroke Volume without allowing arterial pressure to increase excessively?

<p>The aorta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?

<p>Reflection of pressure pulse waves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pulse pressure as the arterial pressure pulse propagates distally along the arterial tree?

<p>Increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mean blood pressure (MBP) during aortic insufficiency?

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pulse pressure during aortic stenosis?

<p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial compliance with age?

<p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure with age?

<p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial compliance in individuals with systemic hypertension?

<p>It decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV) in individuals with A-V fistula?

<p>Both EDV and SV increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with arteriosclerosis?

<p>It increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between compliance and arterial pressure?

<p>Lower compliance leads to higher arterial pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the pulse pressure in the arterial system?

<p>The net increase in arterial volume during ejection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure when stroke volume increases?

<p>Pulse pressure increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stroke volume and mean blood pressure (MBP)?

<p>Increases in stroke volume increase MBP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the transformation of the pressure pulse as it propagates distally along the arterial tree?

<p>Reflection of pressure pulse waves from the distal arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with aortic insufficiency?

<p>Pulse pressure increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with systemic hypertension?

<p>Pulse pressure increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pulse pressure in individuals with A-V fistula?

<p>Pulse pressure increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to arterial compliance with arteriosclerosis?

<p>Arterial compliance decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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