The Cardiac Cycle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is responsible for the depolarization of the ventricles?

  • AV node
  • Purkinje fibers (correct)
  • Bundle of His
  • Sinoatrial node

What is the outermost layer of the heart wall called?

  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
  • Epicardium (correct)
  • Pericardium

What is the innermost lining of the heart muscle called?

  • Pericardium
  • Epicardium
  • Endocardium (correct)
  • Myocardium

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

<p>Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanical factor that affects stroke volume?

<p>Starling's law of heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

<p>Depolarization of the atria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?

<p>Depolarization of the ventricles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the T wave on an ECG represent?

<p>Repolarization of the ventricles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interval measured from the start of the P wave to the start of the Q wave on an ECG called?

<p>P-R interval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interval measured from the end of the S wave to the start of the T wave on an ECG called?

<p>S-T segment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria contract and push blood out of the atria and into the ventricles?

<p>Atrial systole (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction phase?

<p>To close the AV valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do the SL valves open during the cardiac cycle?

<p>During Ejection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is residual volume in the context of the cardiac cycle?

<p>The volume of blood left in the ventricles after relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the closure of the SL valves during the cardiac cycle?

<p>Decrease in ventricular pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle occurs between the closure of the SL valves and the re-opening of the AV valves?

<p>Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring blood flow, pressure changes, and blood volume throughout the cardiac cycle?

<p>To calculate the cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marks the onset of ventricular systole during the cardiac cycle?

<p>R wave of an ECG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a complete heartbeat or pumping cycle?

<p>Cardiac cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many steps or phases is the cardiac cycle broken down into?

<p>5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cardiac Cycle and ECG

  • The Bundle of His is responsible for the depolarization of the ventricles.
  • The outermost layer of the heart wall is called the epicardium.
  • The innermost lining of the heart muscle is called the endocardium.
  • The formula for calculating cardiac output is Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume.
  • The mechanical factor that affects stroke volume is preload.
  • The P wave on an ECG represents atrial depolarization.
  • The QRS complex on an ECG represents ventricular depolarization.
  • The T wave on an ECG represents ventricular repolarization.
  • The interval measured from the start of the P wave to the start of the Q wave on an ECG is called the PR interval.
  • The interval measured from the end of the S wave to the start of the T wave on an ECG is called the ST segment.

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle

  • During the atrial contraction phase, the atria contract and push blood out of the atria and into the ventricles.
  • The purpose of the Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction phase is to allow the ventricles to contract and build pressure without changing volume.
  • The SL valves open during the rapid ejection phase.
  • Residual volume in the context of the cardiac cycle is the volume of blood left in the ventricles after systole.
  • The closure of the SL valves during the cardiac cycle is caused by the increase in ventricular pressure.
  • The phase of the cardiac cycle that occurs between the closure of the SL valves and the re-opening of the AV valves is the isovolumetric relaxation phase.
  • The purpose of measuring blood flow, pressure changes, and blood volume throughout the cardiac cycle is to understand the cardiac function and identify any abnormalities.

Cardiac Cycle Events

  • The onset of ventricular systole during the cardiac cycle is marked by the QRS complex.
  • A complete heartbeat or pumping cycle is called a cardiac cycle.
  • The cardiac cycle is broken down into 8 phases or steps.

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