72 Questions
What were the two sections into which the Roman Empire was divided?
The Roman Empire was divided into the Latin Western Empire and the Greek Eastern Empire (Byzantine Empire).
What was the strategic importance of Byzantium?
Byzantium was strategically located as a valuable port for trade and military purposes. It controlled the sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, as well as the trade routes from Europe to the East.
Who renamed Byzantium as Constantinople?
Emperor Constantine the Great renamed Byzantium as Constantinople.
Who was Suleiman the Magnificent and what were his accomplishments?
Suleiman the Magnificent was a ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566. He conquered the Balkans, southern Russia, and northern Africa, expanded the empire's territory, and promoted the arts, sciences, and infrastructure development.
What was the significance of the Hegira?
The Hegira refers to the event when Muhammad and his followers left Mecca and migrated to Medina in 622. It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar and the establishment of the first Islamic state in Medina.
How did Islam spread across the Middle East and North Africa?
Islam spread through military conquests, trade, and missionary activities. The Muslims defeated the Byzantines and controlled territories from Iraq to Egypt, crossed into Spain, and advanced into France. They also converted many people to Islam through preaching and attracted followers with their social, economic, and political systems.
What contributions did the Moors make to Europe?
The Moors, Spanish Muslims, played a valuable role in preserving and transmitting Greek literature and knowledge. They valued the works of Aristotle, made advancements in mathematics and medicine, and introduced navigational instruments. Their influence and contributions had a lasting impact on European culture and learning.
What was the name of the church in Constantinople that was later converted into a mosque?
Hagia Sophia
What event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire?
The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453
What was the name of the new religion founded by Muhammad in Arabia?
Islam
Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire when Constantinople was captured?
Mehmet the second
What territories did the Ottoman Empire conquer under Suleiman the Magnificent?
The Balkens, southern Russia, and northern Africa.
What were some of Suleiman the Magnificent's non-military accomplishments?
Building mosques, monuments, bridges, roads, and schools, as well as encouraging the arts and sciences.
When did the Ottoman Empire come to an end?
After the First World War in 1923.
What regions did the Muslim and Ottoman Empires encompass?
The Near East, Balkans, southern Russia, and Northern Africa.
Who was the founder of Islam?
Muhammad.
Where was Muhammad born?
In the Arabian town of Mecca.
What was the name of the religious book that contained Muhammad's teachings?
The Koran (Quran).
What event marked Muhammad's escape from Mecca?
The Hegira (flight) to the city of Medina in A.D. 622.
What territories did the Muslims conquer in North Africa and Spain?
They conquered from Iraq across Egypt to North Africa and crossed into Spain, establishing a kingdom that lasted until 1492.
Who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732?
Charles Martel, also known as Charles the Hammer.
What caused the Roman Empire to split in two?
The Roman Empire was so large and difficult to manage that it was divided in two in A.D. 284.
What were the names of the two sections into which the Roman Empire was divided?
The section in the west was called the Latin Western Empire, and the section in the east was called the Greek Eastern Empire.
What was the Greek Eastern Empire also known as?
The Greek Eastern Empire was also known as the Byzantine Empire.
Where was the center of the Greek Eastern part of the Roman Empire located?
The center of the Greek Eastern part of the Roman Empire was the old Greek city of Byzantium.
What was the strategic location of Byzantium?
Byzantium was strategically located on both sides of the Bosporus, a narrow strait of water between Europe and Asia. It controlled the sea route between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean and the trade routes from Europe to the East.
Who rebuilt Byzantium as a capital city?
Emperor Constantine the Great rebuilt Byzantium as a capital city.
What was Byzantium renamed to after its rebuilding?
Byzantium was renamed Constantinople after Emperor Constantine the Great.
What was the official religion of the Byzantine Empire?
Christianity became the official religion of the Byzantine Empire.
What does the term 'Byzantium' refer to?
The term 'Byzantium' refers to both the state and the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.
When was the Latin Western Empire conquered?
The Latin Western Empire was conquered in 476 by Germanic invaders.
What city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
What were some of the cultural influences found in the Byzantine Empire?
Many ethnic groups, languages, religions, and creeds
What forms of art developed in the Byzantine Empire?
Architecture, mosaics, enamel work, ivory carving, and metal work
What was one of the greatest architectural achievements of Byzantine?
The church of Hagia Sophia
Who captured Constantinople in 1453?
The Ottoman Turks
What was the name of the new empire established by the Turks?
The Ottoman Empire
Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire when Constantinople was captured?
Mehmet the second
What was the significance of the capture of Constantinople?
It marked the end of Roman history and Christian power in the Eastern Mediterranean
What was the name of the largest Christian church in Constantinople?
Hagia Sophia
What religion was founded by Muhammad in Arabia?
Islam
Byzantium was known for its ______
art
The Ottomans, who were related to the ______, had originally been mercenary soldiers
Turks
Osman's family ruled for almost ______ years
700
The first capital of the Muslim Empire was ______ in Syria
Damascus
The Muslims felt their religion was the only true religion and that it was their duty to ______ everyone
tell
The Byzantine Empire stretched from southern Spain in the West to the borders of Sassanian Iran in the ______
East
When the Arabs conquered Egypt and Syria in 634, Byzantium became more Greek and less ______
Roman
The Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople in ______
1453
The Byzantine Empire was a diverse culture that combined many ethnic groups, languages, religions, and ______
creeds
The Ottoman Empire was named after their ______, Osman the first
leader
The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest power under ______ who ruled from 1520 to 1566.
Suleiman the Magnificent
During his reign, the Ottomans conquered the Balkens, southern Russia, and northern Africa so that the empire now included much of eastern Europe and western Asia.
Suleiman's accomplishments were not all military, however. He had mosques, monuments, bridges, roads, and schools built and also encouraged the arts and sciences.
The empire became weaker during the 18th and 19th centuries and came ______ to an end after the First World War in 1923.
Suleiman the first
Islam was like a mighty sword, cutting its way across the Middle East. By 639, the region from Iraq across Egypt was ______.
Muslim
Then it continued across North Africa. The Byzantines tried to stop the Muslims from taking any more of their land in Africa and were defeated in 640 at Heliopolis.
In 711, the Muslims crossed from Africa into Spain; the Pillars of Hercules were renamed the Straits of Gibraltar in honor of a ______ general.
Muslim
On the other side Of the Mediterranean, the Muslims besieged Constantinople; the Eastern Empire was in danger of extinction. The siege failed, but in Spain, thé Moors (as the Spanish Muslims were called) wiped out the old kingdom of the Visigoths and crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into France.
Charles Martel, known as ______, rose to the occasion and defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Chartes the Hammer
The Moors built a kingdom In Spain that lasted until 1492, the year Columbus sailed.
While others ignored the literature of the Greeks, the Moors preserved it. The Moors had high regard for Aristotle and referred to him simply as the ______.
Philosopher
The Greek Eastern Empire was also called the ______ Empire
Byzantine
Byzantium was rebuilt as a capital city by Emperor ______ the Great
Constantine
In Byzantium, Constantine became a ______ after he had a vision
Christian
Constantinople, called ______ today, flourished and became as splendid as Rome
Istanbul
Gradually, ______ became the official religion of the empire
Christianity
In 476, the Latin Western Empire was conquered by ______ invaders
Germanic
The word Byzantium refers to both the state and the ______ of the Eastern Roman Empire during the Middle Ages
culture
The Latin Western Empire was divided into two sections: the Latin Western Empire and the ______ Eastern Empire
Greek
The section in the east of the Roman Empire was called the ______ Eastern Empire
Greek
The center of the Greek Eastern part of the Roman Empire was the old Greek city of ______
Byzantium
Study Notes
Roman Empire Division
- The Roman Empire was divided into two sections: the Latin Western Empire and the Greek Eastern Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire.
Byzantium's Strategic Importance
- Byzantium was strategically located on the trade route between Europe and Asia, making it a valuable hub for commerce and trade.
Constantinople
- Byzantium was rebuilt as a capital city by Emperor Constantine the Great.
- Constantine renamed Byzantium as Constantinople.
- Constantinople served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
Ottoman Empire
- The Ottoman Empire was named after its founder, Osman.
- The Ottoman Empire reached its greatest power under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566).
- During his reign, the Ottomans conquered the Balkans, southern Russia, and northern Africa.
Islamic Empire
- The Islamic Empire was founded by Muhammad in Arabia.
- The first capital of the Muslim Empire was Damascus in Syria.
- The Muslims felt their religion was the only true religion and that it was their duty to convert everyone.
- Islam spread across the Middle East and North Africa through conquest.
Muslims in Europe
- The Moors, Muslim conquerors from Africa, crossed into Spain in 711 and established a kingdom that lasted until 1492.
- The Moors built a rich cultural heritage, preserving Greek literature and contributing to European culture.
Byzantine Empire
- The Byzantine Empire stretched from southern Spain to the borders of Sassanian Iran.
- The Byzantine Empire was a diverse culture that combined many ethnic groups, languages, religions, and architectural styles.
- The official religion of the Byzantine Empire was Christianity.
Architectural Achievements
- One of the greatest architectural achievements of the Byzantine Empire was the construction of the Hagia Sophia, the largest Christian church in Constantinople.
End of the Byzantine Empire
- The Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople was captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
- The event marked the beginning of the Ottoman Empire.
Important Figures
- Suleiman the Magnificent was a renowned Ottoman leader who conquered vast territories and encouraged the arts and sciences.
- Muhammad was the founder of Islam in Arabia.
- Charles Martel, a Frankish king, defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Other Key Facts
- The Hegira marked Muhammad's escape from Mecca.
- The Koran is the religious book that contains Muhammad's teachings.
- The Ottoman Empire came to an end after World War I in 1923.
Test your knowledge on the Byzantine Empire and its significant role in the split of the Roman Empire. Learn about the Latin Western Empire and the Greek Eastern Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, and discover the center of power in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
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