Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which Islamic sect believes that only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah can be true caliphs?
Which Islamic sect believes that only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah can be true caliphs?
- Umayyads
- Abbasids
- Shi’ites (correct)
- Sunnis
In which city was the Umayyad Empire centered?
In which city was the Umayyad Empire centered?
- Mecca
- Medina
- Damascus (correct)
- Ctesiphon
Which Islamic dynasty attempted to conquer Constantinople twice?
Which Islamic dynasty attempted to conquer Constantinople twice?
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Abbasid Empire
- Umayyad Empire (correct)
- Fatimid Caliphate
Which Islamic dynasty claimed authority through Muhammad’s uncle?
Which Islamic dynasty claimed authority through Muhammad’s uncle?
Which Islamic dynasty heavily stressed Persian culture and moved the capital city to Ctesiphon?
Which Islamic dynasty heavily stressed Persian culture and moved the capital city to Ctesiphon?
What is the primary mission of Muslims according to the text?
What is the primary mission of Muslims according to the text?
What does the term 'Qur’an' mean?
What does the term 'Qur’an' mean?
Which Islamic dynasty spread Islam to Spain?
Which Islamic dynasty spread Islam to Spain?
Which Islamic sect believes in a general consensus leader rather than a specific lineage of Muhammad for leadership?
Which Islamic sect believes in a general consensus leader rather than a specific lineage of Muhammad for leadership?
What is the focus of the Islamic religion according to the text?
What is the focus of the Islamic religion according to the text?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
Who granted Theodoric the freedom to depose Odoacer?
Who granted Theodoric the freedom to depose Odoacer?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
Where did the Islamic Empire spread to during the Middle Ages?
Where did the Islamic Empire spread to during the Middle Ages?
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
Where did the Islamic Empire spread to during the Middle Ages?
Where did the Islamic Empire spread to during the Middle Ages?
Which empire was also known as Constantinople and referred to themselves as Romans?
Which empire was also known as Constantinople and referred to themselves as Romans?
Who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest point and reconquered North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Goths?
Who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest point and reconquered North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Goths?
What was the foundation for many modern law codes, based on Christianity and established the sovereign's power?
What was the foundation for many modern law codes, based on Christianity and established the sovereign's power?
Which empire had a centralized and efficient bureaucracy and engaged in strong trade of luxuries and coins?
Which empire had a centralized and efficient bureaucracy and engaged in strong trade of luxuries and coins?
Which Christianity, prevalent in the western Roman Empire, utilized Latin and had a different approach to the depiction of religious figures?
Which Christianity, prevalent in the western Roman Empire, utilized Latin and had a different approach to the depiction of religious figures?
What marked the beginning of time for Islam?
What marked the beginning of time for Islam?
Where did the rise of Islam begin?
Where did the rise of Islam begin?
Who was born in 570 CE, received spiritual visions, and eventually led to the establishment of Islam?
Who was born in 570 CE, received spiritual visions, and eventually led to the establishment of Islam?
What led to the spread of Islam, with the split between Shi'ite and Sunni factions arising over the issue of Muhammad's successor?
What led to the spread of Islam, with the split between Shi'ite and Sunni factions arising over the issue of Muhammad's successor?
What was the great church of Holy Wisdom, begun by Justinian and is now a mosque?
What was the great church of Holy Wisdom, begun by Justinian and is now a mosque?
Who granted Theodoric the freedom to depose Odoacer?
Who granted Theodoric the freedom to depose Odoacer?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
What was the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
Which empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine?
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
Which empire had a centralized and efficient bureaucracy and engaged in strong trade of luxuries and coins?
Which empire had a centralized and efficient bureaucracy and engaged in strong trade of luxuries and coins?
What is the primary difference between Shi’ites and Sunnis in terms of caliph leadership?
What is the primary difference between Shi’ites and Sunnis in terms of caliph leadership?
Which empire attempted to conquer Constantinople twice?
Which empire attempted to conquer Constantinople twice?
Where did the Abbasid Empire move its capital city to?
Where did the Abbasid Empire move its capital city to?
What marked the primary focus of the Islamic religion according to the text?
What marked the primary focus of the Islamic religion according to the text?
What does the term 'Qur’an' mean?
What does the term 'Qur’an' mean?
Which Islamic dynasty heavily stressed Persian culture?
Which Islamic dynasty heavily stressed Persian culture?
Which empire is considered to have 'spearheaded' the Islamic movement?
Which empire is considered to have 'spearheaded' the Islamic movement?
What is the meaning of the term 'Shi’ites'?
What is the meaning of the term 'Shi’ites'?
What was the predominant religion in the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantium?
What was the predominant religion in the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as Byzantium?
Who was the first caliph to lead the Muslim conquests, expanding Islamic control to various regions by the early 700s?
Who was the first caliph to lead the Muslim conquests, expanding Islamic control to various regions by the early 700s?
What architectural marvel in Constantinople was initially a Christian church and later converted into a mosque?
What architectural marvel in Constantinople was initially a Christian church and later converted into a mosque?
What disagreement led to the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims?
What disagreement led to the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims?
Which empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE?
Which empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE?
Who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy?
Who expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy?
Odoacer was a Gothic king of Italy before Theodoric deposed him.
Odoacer was a Gothic king of Italy before Theodoric deposed him.
The Eastern Roman Emperor had no influence on the events in Western Europe during this time.
The Eastern Roman Emperor had no influence on the events in Western Europe during this time.
Theodoric was a Christian who believed that Jesus was not God.
Theodoric was a Christian who believed that Jesus was not God.
The Western Kingdoms were under the domination of the Roman Empire around 500 CE.
The Western Kingdoms were under the domination of the Roman Empire around 500 CE.
The Byzantine Empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine.
The Byzantine Empire referred to itself as Roman and was named after Constantine.
The Islamic Empire did not spread to North Africa during the Middle Ages.
The Islamic Empire did not spread to North Africa during the Middle Ages.
Shi'ites believe that only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true caliphs
Shi'ites believe that only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true caliphs
The Umayyad Empire was centered in Damascus, Syria
The Umayyad Empire was centered in Damascus, Syria
The Abbasid Empire claimed authority through Muhammad’s uncle
The Abbasid Empire claimed authority through Muhammad’s uncle
The Qur'an has many poetic features
The Qur'an has many poetic features
The Umayyad Empire attempted to conquer Constantinople twice
The Umayyad Empire attempted to conquer Constantinople twice
The Umayyad Empire heavily stressed Persian Culture
The Umayyad Empire heavily stressed Persian Culture
The primary mission of Muslims is to submit to Allah
The primary mission of Muslims is to submit to Allah
The Abbasid Empire moved the capital city to Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia
The Abbasid Empire moved the capital city to Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia
True or false: The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Byzantines.
True or false: The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Byzantines.
True or false: The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
True or false: The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
True or false: The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
True or false: The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
True or false: Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
True or false: Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
True or false: The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
True or false: The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
True or false: The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
True or false: The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the ______
Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the ______
The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic ______
The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic ______
The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily ______
The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily ______
The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a ______
The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a ______
The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the ______ faith of Islam
The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the ______ faith of Islam
The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and ______ by the early 700s
The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and ______ by the early 700s
Shi’ites – only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true ______ - Daughter: Fatimah - Only descendents of Fatimah - Shi’ites – translates to something like a faction - Sunnis – a general consensus leader - More of looking for the most apt person - The person doesn’t necessarily need to be part of Muhammad’s family - Most of modern day muslims are Sunnis
Shi’ites – only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true ______ - Daughter: Fatimah - Only descendents of Fatimah - Shi’ites – translates to something like a faction - Sunnis – a general consensus leader - More of looking for the most apt person - The person doesn’t necessarily need to be part of Muhammad’s family - Most of modern day muslims are Sunnis
The Umayyad Empire was centered in _________, Syria
The Umayyad Empire was centered in _________, Syria
Umayyad spreads Islam to _________
Umayyad spreads Islam to _________
Abbasid Empire moved the capital city to _________, Mesopotamia
Abbasid Empire moved the capital city to _________, Mesopotamia
_________ from within the Umayyad empire
_________ from within the Umayyad empire
_________ – submission to Allah
_________ – submission to Allah
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome? _________
What characterized the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome? _________
The ones that are considered to have ‘spearheaded’ the movement - Not closely related to the Muhammad family - The empire is centered in Damascus (Syria) - A Roman successor state - Many Byzantine and Roman architecture
The ones that are considered to have ‘spearheaded’ the movement - Not closely related to the Muhammad family - The empire is centered in Damascus (Syria) - A Roman successor state - Many Byzantine and Roman architecture
Summary
Summary
Who was Odoacer and what role did Theodoric play in his downfall?
Who was Odoacer and what role did Theodoric play in his downfall?
What characterized the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
What characterized the state of the Western Kingdoms around 500 CE?
What were the three major successors to Rome that emerged during the Middle Ages?
What were the three major successors to Rome that emerged during the Middle Ages?
What were the key features of the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, and the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What were the key features of the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, and the Western European Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What characterized the state of the Western Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
What characterized the state of the Western Kingdoms as successors to Rome?
Describe the expansion of the Byzantine Empire under the rule of Emperor Justinian from 527-565 CE.
Describe the expansion of the Byzantine Empire under the rule of Emperor Justinian from 527-565 CE.
What led to the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims, and what is the primary difference between their beliefs?
What led to the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims, and what is the primary difference between their beliefs?
What significant architectural achievement in Constantinople was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque?
What significant architectural achievement in Constantinople was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What was the religious belief of Theodoric, the Gothic king of Italy?
What were the primary regions conquered during the Muslim conquests led by the first caliph Abu Bakr?
What were the primary regions conquered during the Muslim conquests led by the first caliph Abu Bakr?
What was the significance of Justinian's Law Code, and what principles was it based on?
What was the significance of Justinian's Law Code, and what principles was it based on?
Explain the difference between Shi'ites and Sunnis in regards to the criteria for true caliphs. Provide an example of each group's criteria.
Explain the difference between Shi'ites and Sunnis in regards to the criteria for true caliphs. Provide an example of each group's criteria.
Describe the Umayyad Empire's geographic center and its influence on architecture. Additionally, provide one significant expansion of Islam attributed to the Umayyads.
Describe the Umayyad Empire's geographic center and its influence on architecture. Additionally, provide one significant expansion of Islam attributed to the Umayyads.
What were the major characteristics and accomplishments of the Abbasid Empire, including the capital city and its cultural emphasis?
What were the major characteristics and accomplishments of the Abbasid Empire, including the capital city and its cultural emphasis?
Explain the significance of Muhammad and the Qur'an in Islamic belief, including the primary mission of Muslims and the nature of the Qur'an.
Explain the significance of Muhammad and the Qur'an in Islamic belief, including the primary mission of Muslims and the nature of the Qur'an.
Summarize the religious beliefs and teachings of Islam, including the relationship with other Abrahamic faiths and the nature of human choice.
Summarize the religious beliefs and teachings of Islam, including the relationship with other Abrahamic faiths and the nature of human choice.
Explain the reasons for the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims, including the reasons behind the Abbasid Empire's opposition to the Umayyads.
Explain the reasons for the split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims, including the reasons behind the Abbasid Empire's opposition to the Umayyads.
Describe the key characteristics and expansion efforts of the Islamic dynasties, Umayyad and Abbasid, including their influence on different regions.
Describe the key characteristics and expansion efforts of the Islamic dynasties, Umayyad and Abbasid, including their influence on different regions.
Explain the roles and criteria for true caliphs according to Shi'ites and Sunnis, and provide examples of each group's criteria.
Explain the roles and criteria for true caliphs according to Shi'ites and Sunnis, and provide examples of each group's criteria.
Shi’ites – only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true caliphs
Shi’ites – only a relative of Muhammad through his daughter can be true caliphs
Umayyad Empire is centered in
Umayyad Empire is centered in
Abbasid Empire claimed authority through Muhammad’s
Abbasid Empire claimed authority through Muhammad’s
Qur’an means
Qur’an means
Islam – submission to
Islam – submission to
Study Notes
Byzantium, Emperor Justinian, and the Rise of Islam
- Byzantium, also known as Constantinople, referred to themselves as Romans, not Byzantines, and were solidly Christian with paganism outlawed
- The Eastern Empire faced pressure from Persia and then Islam, and eventually fell in 1453 CE, leading to the rise of the Ottoman Empire
- Emperor Justinian, born to a low-standing family, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest point and reconquered North Africa from the Vandals and Italy from the Goths
- Justinian's Law Code, based on Christianity, established the sovereign's power and was the foundation for many modern law codes
- Byzantine Empire, viewed as the "second Rome," faced pressure from North Africa and the Sasanian Empire, and was eventually taken over by the Islamic empire
- Sassanid Empire had a centralized and efficient bureaucracy and engaged in strong trade of luxuries and coins
- Orthodox Christianity, prevalent in the Byzantine Empire, utilized Greek and was involved in the Iconoclast Controversy
- Catholic Christianity, prevalent in the western Roman Empire, utilized Latin and had a different approach to the depiction of religious figures
- Hellenistic education was prominent, and the Hagia Sophia, a great church of Holy Wisdom, was begun by Justinian and is now a mosque
- The rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, with Mecca and the Kaaba being significant religious and trade sites
- Muhammad, born in 570 CE, received spiritual visions and eventually led to the establishment of Islam, with the Hijra marking the beginning of time
- Muslim conquests led to the spread of Islam, with the split between Shi'ite and Sunni factions arising over the issue of Muhammad's successor
The Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantium and the Rise of Islam
- The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Romans, not Byzantines.
- The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
- Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the people.
- The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
- The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the monotheistic faith of Islam.
- Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
- The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and Spain by the early 700s.
- The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
- The Byzantine Empire's pressure from the Islamic Empire led to its eventual collapse, while the Islamic Empire experienced rapid expansion.
- The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily Catholic.
- The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
- The Rise of Islam and the expansion of the Islamic Empire posed significant challenges to the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to its downfall.
The Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantium and the Rise of Islam
- The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Romans, not Byzantines.
- The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
- Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the people.
- The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
- The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the monotheistic faith of Islam.
- Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
- The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and Spain by the early 700s.
- The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
- The Byzantine Empire's pressure from the Islamic Empire led to its eventual collapse, while the Islamic Empire experienced rapid expansion.
- The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily Catholic.
- The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
- The Rise of Islam and the expansion of the Islamic Empire posed significant challenges to the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to its downfall.
The Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantium and the Rise of Islam
- The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Romans, not Byzantines.
- The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
- Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the people.
- The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
- The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the monotheistic faith of Islam.
- Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
- The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and Spain by the early 700s.
- The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
- The Byzantine Empire's pressure from the Islamic Empire led to its eventual collapse, while the Islamic Empire experienced rapid expansion.
- The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily Catholic.
- The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
- The Rise of Islam and the expansion of the Islamic Empire posed significant challenges to the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to its downfall.
The Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantium and the Rise of Islam
- The Eastern Roman Empire was known as Byzantium, and its inhabitants referred to themselves as Romans, not Byzantines.
- The Emperor Justinian, who ruled from 527-565 CE, expanded the Byzantine Empire to its largest extent through conquests in North Africa and Italy.
- Justinian's Law Code, based on Christian principles, laid the foundation for many modern law codes and emphasized the emperor's responsibilities to the people.
- The Byzantine Empire faced pressure from the Sasanian Empire and later the Islamic Empire, ultimately falling in 1453 CE.
- The Rise of Islam began in the Arabian Peninsula, where Muhammad received spiritual visions and established the monotheistic faith of Islam.
- Muhammad's teachings were initially rejected in Mecca, leading to his migration to Medina and eventually to gaining control of Mecca in 630 CE.
- The Muslim conquests, led by the first caliph Abu Bakr, expanded Islamic control to the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Persia, North Africa, and Spain by the early 700s.
- The split between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims arose from a disagreement over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Islamic community.
- The Byzantine Empire's pressure from the Islamic Empire led to its eventual collapse, while the Islamic Empire experienced rapid expansion.
- The Byzantine Empire was solidly Christian, with the Eastern side of the Roman Empire being predominantly Orthodox Christian, while the Western side was primarily Catholic.
- The Hagia Sophia, a significant architectural achievement in Constantinople, was originally a Christian church and later converted into a mosque.
- The Rise of Islam and the expansion of the Islamic Empire posed significant challenges to the Byzantine Empire, ultimately leading to its downfall.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Byzantium, Emperor Justinian, and the Rise of Islam with this quiz. Explore the expansion of the Byzantine Empire, Emperor Justinian's reign, the pressures faced by the Eastern Empire, the rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, and the subsequent Muslim conquests. Delve into the religious and cultural dynamics of the time, including the Iconoclast Controversy and the split between Shi'ite and Sunni factions within Islam.
