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Who is known as the 'Father of Civil Engineering'?
Who is known as the 'Father of Civil Engineering'?
What significant contribution did Squire Whipple make to bridge construction?
What significant contribution did Squire Whipple make to bridge construction?
Which institution was the first to award a civil engineering degree in the USA?
Which institution was the first to award a civil engineering degree in the USA?
In what year was the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) established?
In what year was the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) established?
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Which prominent engineer served as the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers?
Which prominent engineer served as the first president of the Institution of Civil Engineers?
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What was John Smeaton's pivotal contribution that impacted fluid mechanics?
What was John Smeaton's pivotal contribution that impacted fluid mechanics?
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What role did Norwich University have in the history of engineering education in the USA?
What role did Norwich University have in the history of engineering education in the USA?
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Which engineer is renowned for his work on various infrastructures including tunnels and ships?
Which engineer is renowned for his work on various infrastructures including tunnels and ships?
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What led to the formal adoption of the term 'civil engineer'?
What led to the formal adoption of the term 'civil engineer'?
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Which organization is recognized as one of the first to formalize civil engineering as a distinct profession?
Which organization is recognized as one of the first to formalize civil engineering as a distinct profession?
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Which characteristic of a profession emphasizes the continuous expansion of knowledge within civil engineering?
Which characteristic of a profession emphasizes the continuous expansion of knowledge within civil engineering?
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How do civil engineering professionals demonstrate their authority in the field?
How do civil engineering professionals demonstrate their authority in the field?
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What role do ethical codes play in the profession of civil engineering?
What role do ethical codes play in the profession of civil engineering?
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Which document serves to formalize the roles of engineers in society?
Which document serves to formalize the roles of engineers in society?
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During which period did civil engineers begin transitioning from military to civil projects?
During which period did civil engineers begin transitioning from military to civil projects?
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Which of the following best describes the ethical impulse of civil engineers?
Which of the following best describes the ethical impulse of civil engineers?
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What was the aim of Executive Order No. 392 issued by Elpidio Quirino in 1951?
What was the aim of Executive Order No. 392 issued by Elpidio Quirino in 1951?
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Which law provided effective highway administration in 1953?
Which law provided effective highway administration in 1953?
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What significant development occurred between 1961 and 1967 in the Philippines?
What significant development occurred between 1961 and 1967 in the Philippines?
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In what year was the Bureau of Public Highways created?
In what year was the Bureau of Public Highways created?
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What was the primary reason for the migration of Filipino architects and engineers in the 1960s?
What was the primary reason for the migration of Filipino architects and engineers in the 1960s?
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What system of measurement was adopted by the Philippines in 1960?
What system of measurement was adopted by the Philippines in 1960?
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What was the significance of the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, founded in 1961?
What was the significance of the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, founded in 1961?
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What impact did Martial Law in the 1970s have on the construction industry in the Philippines?
What impact did Martial Law in the 1970s have on the construction industry in the Philippines?
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What did the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) change in November 2006 concerning the Civil Engineering Board Exam results?
What did the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) change in November 2006 concerning the Civil Engineering Board Exam results?
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Which executive order tasked the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) with regulating review centers?
Which executive order tasked the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) with regulating review centers?
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What was the effect of the March 2012 decision by the Board of Civil Engineering?
What was the effect of the March 2012 decision by the Board of Civil Engineering?
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What does the Protection of Students' Right to Enroll in Review Centers Act of 2013 prohibit?
What does the Protection of Students' Right to Enroll in Review Centers Act of 2013 prohibit?
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What are civil engineers responsible for in construction projects?
What are civil engineers responsible for in construction projects?
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What type of study do civil engineers conduct to assess project viability?
What type of study do civil engineers conduct to assess project viability?
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Which of the following is NOT a service typically provided by civil engineers?
Which of the following is NOT a service typically provided by civil engineers?
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What is the central focus of a licensed civil engineer's training?
What is the central focus of a licensed civil engineer's training?
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What is the primary purpose of Engineering Reports?
What is the primary purpose of Engineering Reports?
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Which acquired characteristic is essential for solving complex engineering problems?
Which acquired characteristic is essential for solving complex engineering problems?
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During the construction phase, what is the main role of Construction Administration and Observation?
During the construction phase, what is the main role of Construction Administration and Observation?
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Which of the following best describes Value Engineering?
Which of the following best describes Value Engineering?
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What is a significant task of Risk Assessment in civil engineering?
What is a significant task of Risk Assessment in civil engineering?
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Why are communication skills critical for engineers?
Why are communication skills critical for engineers?
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Which task is primarily associated with the role of appraisal and rate studies?
Which task is primarily associated with the role of appraisal and rate studies?
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In the context of project management, what does efficiently allocating resources entail?
In the context of project management, what does efficiently allocating resources entail?
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Study Notes
The Birth of Civil Engineering
- The Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, founded in 1771, is considered one of the earliest organizations for professional engineers.
- Norwich University in the USA became the first private institution to offer a formal civil engineering degree in 1819
- The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), established in London in 1820, was the first professional engineering institution, with Thomas Telford serving as its inaugural president.
- The first civil engineering degree in the USA was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835, marking a major milestone for formal engineering education.
- John Smeaton, often dubbed the "Father of Civil Engineering," played a pivotal role in developing the field during the Industrial Revolution, particularly in designing windmills and waterwheels.
- Squire Whipple gained recognition for his innovative bridge designs and contributions to the Erie Canal infrastructure.
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel made significant contributions to tunnels, bridges, railroads, and ships, showcasing his versatility as a civil engineer.
- The term "civil engineer" came into common use as engineers transitioned from primarily military work to civilian projects, driven by the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment.
The Rise of Professional Engineering Organizations
- The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE), chartered in 1818, standardized civil engineering as a distinct profession in the UK.
- The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), established in 1852, cemented civil engineering as a profession in the United States.
- Numerous other organizations emerged worldwide to formalize civil engineering as a profession: the Institution of Civil Engineers India (1860), the Spanish Asociación de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales, y Puertos (1903), the South African Institution of Civil Engineers (1903), the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (1914), and the Chinese Institute of Civil Engineering (1936).
Characteristics of a Civil Engineering Profession
- According to John Philip Bachner, a profession is defined by a systematic body of theory, authority, community sanction, ethical codes, and a commitment to professional development.
Systematic Body of Theory
- Civil engineering draws upon a rational and comprehensive system of knowledge enabling specialists to solve complex problems.
- Continual growth and refinement of knowledge is essential in civil engineering.
Authority
- Extensive education in civil engineering underscores the specialized authority of professionals within the field.
- This authority is directly linked to the engineer's technical training and expertise.
Community Sanction
- Government boards oversee the civil engineering profession, granting licenses or registrations to qualified individuals, recognizing their role in society.
Ethical Codes
- A strict ethical code is essential to govern behavior between professional engineers and clients, as well as among colleagues.
- Ultimately, civil engineers are guided by an ethical responsibility to prioritize the welfare of the community and profession.
Early Civil Engineering Milestones in the Philippines
- Elpidio Quirino, the President of the Philippines, issued Executive Order No. 392 in 1951, reorganizing the Department of Public Works and Communications (DPWC) to include the Bureau of Public Works, the Motor Vehicles Office, and the Flood Control Commission.
- The Philippine Highway Act (RA 917) of 1953 facilitated effective highway administration, enabling provinces and cities to enhance road and bridge infrastructure.
- In 1954, the Bureau of Public Highways was established under Republic Act 1192, improving the management of Philippine highways.
- The Civil Engineering Law (RA 1582) and the Architecture Law (RA 1581) were further amended in 1956.
- Filipino architects and engineers began migrating to the US and Europe in the 1960s, driven by a shortage of local projects and their English proficiency and affordable labor.
Important Engineering Projects in the Philippines
- The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), connecting Metro Manila to Central Luzon, was built in the 1960s.
- The Angat Dam, located in Norzagaray, Bulacan, was constructed from 1961 to 1967, providing crucial water resources for the area.
The Evolution of Civil Engineering in the Philippines
- 1960: The Philippines adopted the International System of Units (SI), aligning with global standards.
- 1961: The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) was established, reinforcing structural engineering expertise in the country.
- 1963: The National Irrigation Administration (NIA) was created, focusing on improving irrigation infrastructure.
- 1970s: The declaration of Martial Law in 1972 led to a surge in demand for Filipino civil engineers and architects in the Middle East construction industry.
- 2006: The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) only disclosed the top 10 performers in the Civil Engineering Board Exam.
- 2012: The number of questions per subject was increased to 100, resulting in a total of 300 questions in the Civil Engineering Board Exam.
- 2013: Republic Act 10609, protecting students from forced enrollment in specific review centers by institutions or individuals, was enacted.
Civil Engineering as a Profession Today
- A licensed civil engineer is a professional trained to design and oversee the civil aspects of buildings, specifically the architectural and structural elements.
- They are responsible for ensuring that construction or installation aligns with the design.
Services Offered by Civil Engineers
- Engineers provide design, consultation, feasibility studies, field investigations, environmental assessments, engineering reports, cost estimations, preliminary and final designs, bidding and contract support, construction administration, material and equipment testing, operational assistance, manual preparation, appraisal and rate studies, value engineering, expert testimony, risk assessment, structural rehabilitation, project management, temporary staffing, and teaching.
Attributes of a Successful Civil Engineer
- Strong technical skills, including a foundation in math and physics, are essential for solving complex engineering problems.
- Project management skills, encompassing design, bidding, contract awards, and construction administration, are crucial for efficient resource allocation and project completion.
- Superb communication skills are vital for conveying instructions, construction documents, recommendations, and fostering collaboration with team members and stakeholders.
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Description
Explore the origins and milestones of civil engineering in this quiz. From the establishment of the Smeatonian Society to the first civil engineering degree awarded in the USA, discover key figures and organizations that shaped the profession. Test your knowledge about the historical developments and contributions in civil engineering.
