The Axilla Overview
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The Axilla Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following nerves arises from the anterior division of the brachial plexus and innervates muscles that function primarily as flexors?

  • Median nerve (correct)
  • Musculocutaneous nerve (correct)
  • Radial nerve
  • Axillary nerve
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the axillary lymph nodes?

  • They drain lymph vessels from the thoracoabdominal walls above the umbilicus.
  • They are typically arranged in six groups.
  • They drain lymph vessels from the posterior compartment of the forearm. (correct)
  • They drain lymph vessels from the lateral quadrants of the breast.
  • They drain lymph vessels from the superficial lymph vessels.
  • Which of the following groups of axillary lymph nodes is NOT mentioned in the provided text?

  • Inferior (infrascapular) group (correct)
  • Central group
  • Posterior (subscapular) group
  • Anterior (pectoral) group
  • Lateral group
  • Which of the following is a true statement about the nerves arising from the brachial plexus?

    <p>The median nerve innervates muscles in the anterior forearm compartment that function primarily as flexors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves is NOT directly responsible for innervating muscles in the upper limb?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Axilla Overview

    • The axilla is a pyramid-shaped space located between the upper arm and the side of the chest.
    • Serves as a crucial passage for nerves, blood, and lymph vessels from the neck to the upper limb.

    Apex and Base

    • Apex (cervico-axillary canal): The upper end of the axilla, bordered by:
      • Anterior: Clavicle
      • Posterior: Upper border of the scapula
      • Medial: Outer border of the first rib
    • Base: Formed by:
      • Anterior: Pectoralis major muscle
      • Posterior: Latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles
      • Medial: Chest wall

    Axillary Walls

    • Anterior wall: Made up of pectoralis major, subclavius, and pectoralis minor muscles.
    • Lateral wall: Composed of coracobrachialis and biceps muscles located in the bicipital groove of the humerus.
    • Medial wall: Consists of upper ribs and intercostal spaces covered by the serratus anterior muscle.
    • Posterior wall: Formed by subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and teres major muscles.

    Contents of the Axilla

    • Axillary artery: Supplies blood to the upper limb.
    • Axillary vein: Drains blood from the upper limb back to the heart.
    • Lymph vessels and lymph nodes: Play a role in immune response.
    • Brachial plexus: A network of nerves supplying the arm.

    Axillary Artery

    • Begins at the lateral border of the first rib, continuing from the subclavian artery.
    • Terminates at the lower border of the teres major muscle, where it transitions into the brachial artery.
    • Enclosed within the axillary sheath alongside the brachial plexus.

    Axillary Artery Parts

    • First part: Extends from the first rib to the upper border of the pectoralis minor.
      • Branches: Highest thoracic artery.
    • Second part: Lies behind the pectoralis minor.
      • Branches:
        • Thoracoacromial artery
        • Lateral thoracic artery
    • Third part: Extends from the lower border of the pectoralis minor to the teres major.
      • Branches:
        • Subscapular artery
        • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
        • Anterior circumflex humeral artery

    Axillary Vein

    • Formed at the lower border of the teres major by the union of the venae comitantes and the basilic vein.
    • Runs medially to the axillary artery, becoming the subclavian vein at the first rib.

    Brachial Plexus

    • Composed of anterior rami from C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 spinal nerves.
    • Roots branch:
      • Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
      • Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
    • Upper trunk branches:
      • Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
      • Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
    • Cords branches:
      • Lateral cord: Lateral pectoral nerve, musculocutaneous nerve.
      • Posterior cord: Upper subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, lower subscapular nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve.
      • Medial cord: Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm, ulnar nerve, medial root of the median nerve.

    Axillary Lymph Nodes

    • Comprises 20 to 30 nodes draining lymph from:
      • Lateral quadrants of the breast
      • Superficial lymph vessels
      • Thoracoabdominal walls above the umbilicus
      • Upper limb vessels
    • Arranged in six groups:
      • Anterior (pectoral)
      • Posterior (subscapular)
      • Lateral
      • Central
      • Infraclavicular (deltopectoral)
      • Apical

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    Related Documents

    The Axilla PDF

    Description

    Learn about the axilla, a pyramid-shaped space between the upper arm and chest, and its role in passing nerves, blood, and lymph vessels from the neck to the upper limb.

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