The Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the autonomic nervous system?

  • An involuntary system that controls and modulates the functions of visceral organs (correct)
  • A system that primarily controls skeletal muscles
  • A system that primarily controls the central nervous system
  • A voluntary system that controls and modulates the functions of visceral organs

    • What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

  • Norepinephrine (correct)
  • Acetylcholine
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine

    • What are the two types of neurons in each pathway of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Motor neurons and sensory neurons
  • Afferent neurons and efferent neurons
  • Sympathetic neurons and parasympathetic neurons
  • Preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons (correct)

    • What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter?

    <p>Cholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>Nonadrenergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system analogous to?

    <p>Neuromuscular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Superior cervical ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sweat glands have in terms of innervation?

    <p>Sympathetic cholinergic innervation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>PNMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?

    <p>ATP and neuropeptide Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To mobilize the body for activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is called craniosacral?

    <p>Parasympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To conserve energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?

    <p>Muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Rest and digest response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>An involuntary system that controls and modulates the functions of visceral organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Adrenergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>PNMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>Ach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>Enteric neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?

    <p>Cholinergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To conserve energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?

    <p>Ach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is called craniosacral?

    <p>Parasympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>PNMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of neurons in each pathway of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Preganglionic and postganglionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To mobilize the body for activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>VIPergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?

    <p>PNMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To mobilize the body for activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic varicosities?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?

    <p>Adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>Nonclassic neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic preganglionic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter?

    <p>Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?

    <p>Adrenoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?

    <p>Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system analogous to?

    <p>Neuromuscular junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To prepare the body for fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?

    <p>Paravertebral ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?

    <p>Fight or flight response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>To stimulate peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • Composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, regulating involuntary bodily functions.
    • Divided into craniosacral (parasympathetic) and thoracolumbar (sympathetic) regions.

    Neurotransmitters

    • Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine as their primary neurotransmitter.
    • Acetylcholine is released by cholinergic neurons.

    Neurons in Pathways

    • Each pathway of the autonomic nervous system contains two types of neurons: preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons.

    Receptors

    • Norepinephrine interacts with adrenergic receptors.
    • Acetylcholine binds to cholinergic receptors.
    • Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the gastrointestinal tract can release peptides or nitric oxide instead of acetylcholine, known as peptidergic or nitrergic neurons.

    Neuroeffector Junctions

    • The neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system are analogous to neuromuscular junctions.

    Sympathetic Nervous System

    • Contains preganglionic neurons primarily in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
    • Sweat glands receive sympathetic innervation.
    • Functions to prepare the body for "fight or flight" responses, activated during fear, extreme stress, or intense exercise, known as the sympathetic response.

    Ganglia

    • An example of a prevertebral ganglion includes the celiac ganglion.
    • A specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord is the sympathetic chain ganglion.

    Adrenal Medulla

    • Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine onto chromaffin cells, which then release norepinephrine and epinephrine.
    • The conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in these cells is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT).

    Sympathetic Postganglionic Nerves

    • Release norepinephrine that acts on adrenergic receptors.
    • The overall function includes mobilization of resources, increasing heart rate, and redirecting blood to muscles during stress.

    Parasympathetic Nervous System

    • Known for conserving energy, promoting rest and digest activities.
    • Releases acetylcholine at varicosities during signaling.
    • Its function is opposite to that of the sympathetic system, focusing on maintenance and recovery.

    Summary of Key Terms

    • Craniosacral Division: Refers to the parasympathetic nervous system.
    • Adrenergic Neurons: Release norepinephrine.
    • Cholinergic Neurons: Release acetylcholine.
    • Neurotransmitters in Stress Response: Norepinephrine and epinephrine are key signaling molecules during fight or flight reactions.

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    Related Documents

    Autonomic Nervous System Lecture 4 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system with this quiz! Explore the functions and organization of this involuntary system that controls visceral organs, including the heart muscle. Challenge yourself with questions on preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, and compare it to the somatic nervous system.

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