70 Questions
Which of the following best describes the autonomic nervous system?
An involuntary system that controls and modulates the functions of visceral organs
What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
What are the two types of neurons in each pathway of the autonomic nervous system?
Preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenoreceptors
Which type of neurons release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter?
Cholinergic neurons
What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?
Muscarinic receptors
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
Nonadrenergic neurons
What are the neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system analogous to?
Neuromuscular junctions
What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Superior cervical ganglion
What do sweat glands have in terms of innervation?
Sympathetic cholinergic innervation
Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?
Celiac ganglion
What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?
Adrenal medulla
Which neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?
Acetylcholine
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?
PNMT
Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?
ATP and neuropeptide Y
What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?
To mobilize the body for activity
What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?
Fight or flight response
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is called craniosacral?
Parasympathetic division
What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?
Acetylcholine
What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To conserve energy
Which neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?
Acetylcholine
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenoreceptors
Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?
Norepinephrine
What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?
Muscarinic receptors
What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Rest and digest response
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons
What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?
Acetylcholine
What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
Which of the following best describes the autonomic nervous system?
An involuntary system that controls and modulates the functions of visceral organs
What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenergic neurons
Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?
Celiac ganglion
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?
PNMT
What neurotransmitter is released by the axons of preganglionic neurons onto chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?
Ach
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
Enteric neurons
What are the receptors for acetylcholine called?
Cholinergic receptors
What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To conserve energy
What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?
Ach
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenergic receptors
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is called craniosacral?
Parasympathetic division
Which neurotransmitters are released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?
Celiac ganglion
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?
PNMT
What are the two types of neurons in each pathway of the autonomic nervous system?
Preganglionic and postganglionic
What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?
To mobilize the body for activity
What neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic varicosities?
Acetylcholine
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenergic receptors
What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?
Adrenal medulla
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
VIPergic neurons
What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?
Fight or flight response
Which ganglion is an example of a prevertebral ganglion?
Celiac ganglion
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine in the adrenal medulla?
PNMT
What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?
To mobilize the body for activity
What is the neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic varicosities?
Acetylcholine
What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?
Adrenal medulla
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
Nonclassic neurotransmitters
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenergic receptors
What is the main category of preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?
Fight or flight response
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic nerves?
Norepinephrine
What type of neurons release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter?
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
What are the receptors for norepinephrine called?
Adrenoreceptors
What is the term for postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract that release peptides or nitric oxide as their neurotransmitter instead of acetylcholine?
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons
What are the neuroeffector junctions of the autonomic nervous system analogous to?
Neuromuscular junctions
What is the overall function of the sympathetic nervous system?
To prepare the body for fight or flight response
What is the specialized ganglion located in the thoracic spinal cord?
Paravertebral ganglion
What is the body's response to fear, extreme stress, and intense exercise called?
Fight or flight response
What is the neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?
Norepinephrine
What is the overall function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To stimulate peristalsis
Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system with this quiz! Explore the functions and organization of this involuntary system that controls visceral organs, including the heart muscle. Challenge yourself with questions on preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, and compare it to the somatic nervous system.
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