The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is most active during periods of high stress or physical activity?

What is the primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Where do the nerves of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Which of the following physiological responses is NOT typically associated with sympathetic nervous system activation?

What is the anatomical location of parasympathetic ganglia?

Which of the following functions is primarily controlled by the enteric nervous system?

How does the enteric nervous system communicate with the central nervous system?

Which neurotransmitter is released by the adrenal medulla to enhance sympathetic nervous system activity?

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on blood flow?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT utilized by the enteric nervous system?

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

Which of the following conditions is associated with disruptions in autonomic nervous system function?

How does the location of sympathetic ganglia differ from that of parasympathetic ganglia?

Which of the following would likely occur if the sympathetic nervous system were artificially stimulated?

A pharmaceutical company is developing a drug to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which of the following systems would be the MOST appropriate target for this medication?

Which of the following best describes the role of the adrenal medulla in the sympathetic nervous system response?

If a patient is experiencing excessive salivation and slowed heart rate, which branch of the autonomic nervous system is likely dominant?

How does the autonomic nervous system contribute to the regulation of blood pressure?

Which component of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the increased sweating observed during the 'fight or flight' response?

A researcher is studying the effect of a new drug on digestion. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system would be of MOST interest?

A patient has a spinal cord injury that disrupts sympathetic outflow from the thoracic and lumbar regions. Which of the following symptoms would MOST likely result from this injury?

After administering a drug, a researcher notices that a patient's pupils are constricted, their heart rate has decreased, and their digestive activity has increased. Which type of receptor was MOST likely targeted by this drug?

A toxin selectively inhibits the release of norepinephrine. Which of the following physiological responses would be LEAST affected by this toxin?

A researcher discovers a new neuron type in the enteric nervous system that releases a substance that inhibits smooth muscle contraction in the stomach. Which of the following neurotransmitters is MOST likely released by this neuron?

A patient presents with symptoms including chronic constipation, difficulty swallowing, and decreased gastric motility. Further testing reveals selective damage to neurons within the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system. Which of the following neurotransmitters would MOST likely be deficient in this patient?

Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies the opposing actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis?

A novel drug is developed that selectively inhibits the reuptake of acetylcholine in the synapse. Which of the following effects would MOST likely be observed in a patient treated with this drug?

A researcher is investigating the effects of a drug that selectively blocks nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction, but spares nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia. Which of the following physiological responses would be MOST directly affected by this drug?

A genetic mutation results in a complete loss of function of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. Which of the following physiological responses would be MOST significantly impaired in an individual with this mutation?

How are the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine similar and different in mediating the sympathetic nervous system response?

Damage to the vagus nerve would MOST directly impact the function of which of the following?

A researcher aims to develop a highly selective drug that only targets the sympathetic nervous system's effect on the heart, without affecting other sympathetic functions such as sweating or vasoconstriction. Which receptor subtype should this drug MOST selectively target?

Damage limited to preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system would MOST directly impair the function of which of the following?

Which of the following pharmacological interventions would MOST effectively and selectively inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system's influence on the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart?

A researcher discovers a novel neurotoxin that selectively targets and destroys intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) within the enteric nervous system. Which of the following physiological consequences would MOST likely result from exposure to this neurotoxin?