Podcast
Questions and Answers
Attraction and relationships are fundamental to people o Acquaintances o Friends o Love Attraction What causes ______.
Attraction and relationships are fundamental to people o Acquaintances o Friends o Love Attraction What causes ______.
attraction
Propinquity Effect: o The finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our ______.
Propinquity Effect: o The finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our ______.
friends
O Mere Exposure ______
O Mere Exposure ______
Effect
O Similarity o Values, attitudes, beliefs, demographics, activities o Some evidence for ______ (contextual) o Similar people will like us and validate us o Attraction can lead to perceptions of ______.
O Similarity o Values, attitudes, beliefs, demographics, activities o Some evidence for ______ (contextual) o Similar people will like us and validate us o Attraction can lead to perceptions of ______.
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Reciprocal Liking: o When you like someone and that person also likes you o Self-______.
Reciprocal Liking: o When you like someone and that person also likes you o Self-______.
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O Physical Attractiveness o Often one of the strongest predictor of attraction in romantic relationships o Important in ______ romance and friendships o Research: • Walster et al. (1966): “Computer dance” • Feingold (1988): Meta-analysis; couple match in ______ o Automatic and controlled thinking Making Connections in the Digital World Who forms friendships ______.
O Physical Attractiveness o Often one of the strongest predictor of attraction in romantic relationships o Important in ______ romance and friendships o Research: • Walster et al. (1966): “Computer dance” • Feingold (1988): Meta-analysis; couple match in ______ o Automatic and controlled thinking Making Connections in the Digital World Who forms friendships ______.
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Making Connections in the Digital World Forming Close Relationships Why Do We ______.
Making Connections in the Digital World Forming Close Relationships Why Do We ______.
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Maintaining Close Relationships ______.
Maintaining Close Relationships ______.
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O Acquaintances o ______ o Love Attraction What causes attraction.
O Acquaintances o ______ o Love Attraction What causes attraction.
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O Attraction and relationships are fundamental to ______.
O Attraction and relationships are fundamental to ______.
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Evolutionary Explanations o Reproductive success drives mate selection and attachment Reproduction is “costly” for women o Women are pickier, prefer resources and status; men prefer physical attractiveness o Alternative Explanation: social roles and power Why Do We Love Attachment Theory: o The theory that our behaviour in adult relationships is based on our experiences as infants with our parents or caregivers Secure Attachment Style: characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and loved Avoidant Attachment Style: characterized by a suppression of attachment needs because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Style: Characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate one’s desire for intimacy, resulting in higher-than-average levels of anxiety Recent research suggests that people can have multiple attachment styles o Stable styles, but these are not fixed traits Maintaining Close Relationships Social Exchange Theory: o How people feel about a relationship depends on their perceptions of the ______ and costs of the relationship, the kind of relationship they deserve, and the probability that they could have a better relationship with someone else • Reward/Cost ratio • Comparison level & comparison for alternatives Investment Model: o The theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends on satisfaction with the relationship in terms of: • Rewards and costs • Comparison level & comparison for alternatives • Investment in relationship Maintaining Close Relationships Equity Theory: o People are happiest with relationships in which the ______ and costs that a person experiences and the contributions that are made to the relationship are roughly equal to the ______, costs, and contributions of the other person Commitment: the “glue” that holds relationships together o Relationship Identification longer and more satisfying relationships o Forgiveness Positive Illusions: o Idealization of our romantic relationships and partner in order to maintain the relationship o Redeeming features The End
Evolutionary Explanations o Reproductive success drives mate selection and attachment Reproduction is “costly” for women o Women are pickier, prefer resources and status; men prefer physical attractiveness o Alternative Explanation: social roles and power Why Do We Love Attachment Theory: o The theory that our behaviour in adult relationships is based on our experiences as infants with our parents or caregivers Secure Attachment Style: characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and loved Avoidant Attachment Style: characterized by a suppression of attachment needs because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Style: Characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate one’s desire for intimacy, resulting in higher-than-average levels of anxiety Recent research suggests that people can have multiple attachment styles o Stable styles, but these are not fixed traits Maintaining Close Relationships Social Exchange Theory: o How people feel about a relationship depends on their perceptions of the ______ and costs of the relationship, the kind of relationship they deserve, and the probability that they could have a better relationship with someone else • Reward/Cost ratio • Comparison level & comparison for alternatives Investment Model: o The theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends on satisfaction with the relationship in terms of: • Rewards and costs • Comparison level & comparison for alternatives • Investment in relationship Maintaining Close Relationships Equity Theory: o People are happiest with relationships in which the ______ and costs that a person experiences and the contributions that are made to the relationship are roughly equal to the ______, costs, and contributions of the other person Commitment: the “glue” that holds relationships together o Relationship Identification longer and more satisfying relationships o Forgiveness Positive Illusions: o Idealization of our romantic relationships and partner in order to maintain the relationship o Redeeming features The End
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Social Compensation Hypothesis: people who are lonely, introverted, or lack social skills o Social Enhancement Hypothesis: people with strong social skills o Research supports both Are online friendships as strong as real-world friendships. o o o o o Online provides social and emotional support Online may have less depth and intimacy People are happier with their real-world relationships Offline relationships may have more longevity Offline associated with better physical and mental health Making Connections in the Digital World Online Romantic Relationships o Broadens “thin markets” o More opportunity – similar success rate People control self-presentation o Embellish traits and positive qualities o Self-disclose more readily o Relationships may start and end quicker Forming Close Relationships What does it mean to love. o Intimacy, attachment, and passion (Rubin, 1970, 1973) Passionate Love: o The feelings of intense longing accompanied by physiological arousal, we feel for another person o Leads to joy when reciprocated, despair when not Companionate Love: o The feelings of intimacy and affection we feel Forming Close Relationships Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love: o A theory that love has three components: intimacy, passion, commitment, and the amount and type of love someone ______ depends on the strength of these three components. o These combine to form different loving ______ Gender and Love: o Men may fall in love faster; “love at first sight” o Women may be more practical o Women and men both rate companionate love Culture and Love Cultures vary in their ______ and approaches to love o Romantic love is valued more by Western people and less by Eastern people o Differences in partner selection Research Examples: o Levine et al. (1995): examined 11 cultures • Marrying for love was most important in Western countries o Schmidt et al. (2009): examined 48 nations • Love and romance were more important in West, lowest in East Asia o Sorokowski et al (2023): examined modernization and collectivism • Triangular theory of love • More of all three types of love in modernized societies • Intimacy and commitment are more related to collectivist countries Why Do We Love.
Social Compensation Hypothesis: people who are lonely, introverted, or lack social skills o Social Enhancement Hypothesis: people with strong social skills o Research supports both Are online friendships as strong as real-world friendships. o o o o o Online provides social and emotional support Online may have less depth and intimacy People are happier with their real-world relationships Offline relationships may have more longevity Offline associated with better physical and mental health Making Connections in the Digital World Online Romantic Relationships o Broadens “thin markets” o More opportunity – similar success rate People control self-presentation o Embellish traits and positive qualities o Self-disclose more readily o Relationships may start and end quicker Forming Close Relationships What does it mean to love. o Intimacy, attachment, and passion (Rubin, 1970, 1973) Passionate Love: o The feelings of intense longing accompanied by physiological arousal, we feel for another person o Leads to joy when reciprocated, despair when not Companionate Love: o The feelings of intimacy and affection we feel Forming Close Relationships Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love: o A theory that love has three components: intimacy, passion, commitment, and the amount and type of love someone ______ depends on the strength of these three components. o These combine to form different loving ______ Gender and Love: o Men may fall in love faster; “love at first sight” o Women may be more practical o Women and men both rate companionate love Culture and Love Cultures vary in their ______ and approaches to love o Romantic love is valued more by Western people and less by Eastern people o Differences in partner selection Research Examples: o Levine et al. (1995): examined 11 cultures • Marrying for love was most important in Western countries o Schmidt et al. (2009): examined 48 nations • Love and romance were more important in West, lowest in East Asia o Sorokowski et al (2023): examined modernization and collectivism • Triangular theory of love • More of all three types of love in modernized societies • Intimacy and commitment are more related to collectivist countries Why Do We Love.
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What does it mean to love.
What does it mean to love.
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Passionate Love:
Passionate Love:
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Companionate Love:
Companionate Love:
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Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love:
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love:
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Gender and Love:
Gender and Love:
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Cultures vary in their experiences and approaches to love
Cultures vary in their experiences and approaches to love
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Levine et al. (1995)
Levine et al. (1995)
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Schmidt et al. (2009)
Schmidt et al. (2009)
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Sorokowski et al (2023)
Sorokowski et al (2023)
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Study Notes
Attraction and Relationships
- Attraction is influenced by propinquity effect, where the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends.
- Similarity, including values, attitudes, beliefs, demographics, and activities, also plays a role in attraction, as similar people will like us and validate us.
- Reciprocal liking, where we like someone and they also like us, leads to perceptions of self-worth.
Physical Attractiveness
- Physical attractiveness is often one of the strongest predictors of attraction in romantic relationships.
- Research shows that people tend to match in attractiveness levels, with Walster et al. (1966) finding that participants rated themselves and their ideal partners similarly attractive.
Evolutionary Explanations
- Reproductive success drives mate selection and attachment, with women being pickier and preferring resources and status, while men prefer physical attractiveness.
- Alternative explanations include social roles and power.
Attachment Theory
- Attachment theory states that our behavior in adult relationships is based on our experiences as infants with our parents or caregivers.
- Three main attachment styles include:
- Secure Attachment Style: characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned, and the view that one is worthy and loved.
- Avoidant Attachment Style: characterized by a suppression of attachment needs because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed.
- Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Style: characterized by a concern that others will not reciprocate one's desire for intimacy, resulting in higher-than-average levels of anxiety.
Maintaining Close Relationships
- Social Exchange Theory: people's feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of the rewards and costs of the relationship, the kind of relationship they deserve, and the probability that they could have a better relationship with someone else.
- Investment Model: people's commitment to a relationship depends on satisfaction with the relationship in terms of rewards and costs, comparison level, and investment in the relationship.
- Equity Theory: people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs that a person experiences and the contributions that are made to the relationship are roughly equal to those of the other person.
Online Relationships
- Online relationships can provide social and emotional support, but may lack depth and intimacy compared to offline relationships.
- Offline relationships may have more longevity and are associated with better physical and mental health.
What Does it Mean to Love?
- Intimacy, attachment, and passion are key components of love, with passionate love characterized by intense longing and physiological arousal, and companionate love characterized by intimacy and affection.
- Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love combines intimacy, passion, and commitment to form different loving relationships.
Culture and Love
- Cultures vary in their experiences and approaches to love, with romantic love valued more in Western cultures and less in Eastern cultures.
- Research has shown that men may fall in love faster, while women may be more practical in their approach to love.
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Description
Test your knowledge on attraction and relationships with this quiz! Explore topics such as forming close relationships, making connections in the digital world, and why we love. Discover what causes attraction and learn about the propinquity effect. Whether you're interested in acquaintances, friends, or love, this quiz has it all!
